Involved in the basipetal transport of auxin (IAA) that modulates growth and organs organization, as well as cell differentiation. Regulates shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization in the peripheral zone. Required for initial meristematic divisions in the epidermal/lateral root cap leading to the formation of epidermal cells and a clone of lateral root cap cells, as well as for the maintenance of the radial pattern of cell specification in the root, thus regulating the distinction between the lateral root cap and epidermis. Together with WIH peptides, promotes megasporogenesis.
CD9 (also called DRAP-27, MRP-1 or p24) upregulates HB-EGF activity as a receptor for diphtheria toxin as well as its juxtacrine activity. CD9 mAbs modulate cell adhesion and migration and trigger platelet activation that is blocked by mAbs directed to the platelet Fc receptor CD32. In mice, CD9 mAb KMC8.8 has been shown to inhibit the production of myeloid cells in vitro and has a costimulatory activity for T cells. CD9 is a type III membrane protein, with four putative transmembrane domains. CD37 (or gp52-40) is involved in signal transduction and serves as a stable marker for malignancies derived from mature B cells, like B-CLL, HCL, and all types of B-NHL. CD63 transfection reduced melanoma cell motility on fibronectin, collagen and laminin, and reduced the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells in nude mice []. CD63 has been used as a marker for late endosomes and for primary melanomas. These proteins are all type II membrane proteins: they contain an N-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain, which acts both as a signal sequence and a membrane anchor, and 3 additional TM regions (hence the name 'TM4'). The sequences contain a number of conserved cysteine residues. CD molecules are leucocyte antigens on cell surfaces. CD antigens nomenclature is updated at Protein Reviews On The Web (http://prow.nci.nih.gov/). ; GO: 0016021 integral to membrane; PDB: 1IV5_A 1G8Q_A.
>PF12273 RCR: Chitin synthesis regulation, resistance to Congo red; InterPro: IPR020999 RCR proteins are ER membrane proteins that regulate chitin deposition in fungal cell walls
Although chitin, a linear polymer of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine, constitutes only 2% of the cell wall it plays a vital role in the overall protection of the cell wall against stress, noxious chemicals and osmotic pressure changes. Congo red is a cell wall-disrupting benzidine-type dye extensively used in many cell wall mutant studies that specifically targets chitin in yeast cells and inhibits growth. RCR proteins render the yeasts resistant to Congo red by diminishing the content of chitin in the cell wall []. RCR proteins are probably regulating chitin synthase III interact directly with ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, and the VPEY motif is necessary for this, via interaction with the WW domains of Rsp5 [].
>PF09889 DUF2116: Uncharacterized protein containing a Zn-ribbon (DUF2116); InterPro: IPR019216 This entry contains various hypothetical prokaryotic proteins whose functions are unknown