Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). May play a role in platelet secretion. Mus musculus (taxid: 10090)
Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). May play a role in platelet secretion. Isoform ARTS, but not the other isoforms, is required for the induction of cell death mediated by TGF-beta and by other apoptotic stimuli.
Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Required for normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the biogenesis of polarized columnar-shaped epithelium by maintaining polyglutamylated microtubules, thus facilitating efficient vesicle transport, and by impeding MAP4 binding to tubulin. Required for the progression through mitosis. Forms a scaffold at the midplane of the mitotic splindle required to maintain CENPE localization at kinetochores and consequently chromosome congression. During anaphase, may be required for chromosome segregation and spindle elongation. Plays a role in ciliogenesis and collective cell movements. In cilia, required for the integrity of the diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes: probably acts by regulating the assembly of the tectonic-like complex (also named B9 complex) by localizing TMEM231 protein.
Rattus norvegicus (taxid: 10116)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Members of this family include CDC3, CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12/Septin. Members of this family bind GTP. As regards the septins, these are polypeptides of 30-65kDa with three characteristic GTPase motifs (G-1, G-3 and G-4) that are similar to those of the Ras family. The G-4 motif is strictly conserved with a unique septin consensus of AKAD. Most septins are thought to have at least one coiled-coil region, which in some cases is necessary for intermolecular interactions that allow septins to polymerise to form rod-shaped complexes. In turn, these are arranged into tandem arrays to form filaments. They are multifunctional proteins, with roles in cytokinesis, sporulation, germ cell development, exocytosis and apoptosis. Length = 280
>gnl|CDD|206649 cd01850, CDC_Septin, CDC/Septin GTPase family
Septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins associated with diverse processes in dividing and non-dividing cells. They were first discovered in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae as a set of genes (CDC3, CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12) required for normal bud morphology. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cytokinesis in some systems, and implicated in a variety of other processes involving organization of the cell cortex and exocytosis. In humans, 12 septin genes generate dozens of polypeptides, many of which comprise heterooligomeric complexes. Since septin mutants are commonly defective in cytokinesis and formation of the neck formation of the neck filaments/septin rings, septins have been considered to be the primary constituents of the neck filaments. Septins belong to the GTPase superfamily for their conserved GTPase motifs and enzymatic activities. Length = 275
>gnl|CDD|227352 COG5019, CDC3, Septin family protein [Cell division and chromosome partitioning / Cytoskeleton]
Score = 34.0 bits (79), Expect = 0.003
Identities = 15/42 (35%), Positives = 21/42 (50%), Gaps = 4/42 (9%)
Query: 9 QGKTTTIEKKSMDIEERGVKLRLTVVDTPGFGDSINSEESWR 50
G T T +K+S + R R+ V+DTPG D+ S E
Sbjct: 33 SGVTKTCQKESAVWDGR----RVNVIDTPGLFDTSVSPEQLS 70
This group represents Arabidoposis protein AIG1 (avrRpt2-induced gene 1) that appears to be involved in plant resistance to bacteria. The Arabidopsis disease resistance gene RPS2 is involved in recognition of bacterial pathogens carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2. AIG1 exhibits RPS2- and avrRpt1-dependent induction early after infection with Pseudomonas syringae carrying avrRpt2. This subfamily also includes IAN-4 protein, which has GTP-binding activity and shares sequence homology with a novel family of putative GTP-binding proteins: the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) family. The evolutionary conservation of the IAN family provides a unique example of a plant pathogen response gene conserved in animals. The IAN/IMAP subfamily has been proposed to regulate apoptosis in vertebrates and angiosperm plants, particularly in relation to cancer, diabetes, and infections. The human IAN genes were renamed GIMAP (GTPase of the immunity associated proteins). Length = 201
>PF00735 Septin: Septin; InterPro: IPR000038 Septins constitute a eukaryotic family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, most of which polymerise to form filaments []
Members of the family were first identified by genetic screening for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) mutants defective in cytokinesis []. Temperature-sensitive mutations in four genes, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12, were found to cause cell-cycle arrest and defects in bud growth and cytokinesis. The protein products of these genes localise at the division plane between mother and daughter cells, indicating a role in mother-daughter separation during cytokinesis []. Members of the family were therefore termed septins to reflect their role in septation and cell division. The identification of septin homologues in higher eukaryotes, which localise to the cleavage furrow in dividing cells, supports an orthologous function in cytokinesis. Septins have since been identified in most eukaryotes, except plants []. Septins are approximately 40-50 kDa in molecular mass, and typically comprise a conserved central core domain (more than 35% sequence identity between mammalian and yeast homologues) flanked by more divergent N- and C-termini. Most septins possess a P-loop motif in their N-terminal domain (which is characteristic of GTP-binding proteins), and a predicted C-terminal coiled-coil domain []. A number of septin interaction partners have been identified in yeast, many of which are components of the budding site selection machinery, kinase cascades or of the ubiquitination pathway. It has been proposed that septins may act as a scaffold that provides an interaction matrix for other proteins [, ]. In mammals, septins have been shown to regulate vesicle dynamics []. Mammalian septins have also been implicated in a variety of other cellular processes, including apoptosis, carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration []. This entry represents a variety of septins and homologous sequences involved in the cell division process.; GO: 0005525 GTP binding, 0007049 cell cycle; PDB: 2QAG_B 3FTQ_D 2QA5_A 2QNR_B 3TW4_A 3T5D_C.
Septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins associated with diverse processes in dividing and non-dividing cells. They were first discovered in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae as a set of genes (CDC3, CDC10, CDC11 and CDC12) required for normal bud morphology. Septins are also present in metazoan cells, where they are required for cytokinesis in some systems, and implicated in a variety of other processes involving organization of the cell cortex and exocytosis. In humans, 12 septin genes generate dozens of polypeptides, many of which comprise heterooligomeric complexes. Since septin mutants are commonly defective in cytokinesis and formation of the neck formation of the neck filaments/septin rings, septins have been considered to be the primary constituents of the neck filaments. Septins belong to the GTPase superfamily for their conserved GTPase motifs and enzymatic activities.
This represents Arabidoposis protein AIG1 that appears to be involved in plant resistance to bacteria. The Arabidopsis disease resistance gene RPS2 is involved in recognition of bacterial pathogens carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2. AIG1 exhibits RPS2- and avrRpt1-dependent induction early after infection with Pseudomonas syringae carrying avrRpt2. This subfamily also includes IAN-4 protein, which has GTP-binding activity and shares sequence homology with a novel family of putative GTP-binding proteins: the immuno-associated nucleotide (IAN) family. The evolutionary conservation of the IAN family provides a unique example of a plant pathogen response gene conserved in animals. The IAN/IMAP subfamily has been proposed to regulate apoptosis in vertebrates and angiosperm plants, particularly in relation to cancer, diabetes, and infections. The human IAN genes were renamed GIMAP (GTPase of the immunity associated proteins).
>cd01853 Toc34_like Toc34-like (Translocon at the Outer-envelope membrane of Chloroplasts)
This family contains several Toc proteins, including Toc34, Toc33, Toc120, Toc159, Toc86, Toc125, and Toc90. The Toc complex at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts is a molecular machine of ~500 kDa that contains a single Toc159 protein, four Toc75 molecules, and four or five copies of Toc34. Toc64 and Toc12 are associated with the translocon, but do not appear to be part of the core complex. The Toc translocon initiates the import of nuclear-encoded preproteins from the cytosol into the organelle. Toc34 and Toc159 are both GTPases, while Toc75 is a beta-barrel integral membrane protein. Toc159 is equally distributed between a soluble cytoplasmic form and a membrane-inserted form, suggesting that assembly of the Toc complex is dynamic. Toc34 and Toc75 act sequentially to mediate docking and insertion of Toc159 resulting in assembly of the functional translocon.
>PF04548 AIG1: AIG1 family; InterPro: IPR006703 This entry represents a domain found in Arabidopsis protein AIG1 which appears to be involved in plant resistance to bacteria
The Arabidopsis disease resistance gene RPS2 is involved in recognition of bacterial pathogens carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2. AIG1 (avrRpt2-induced gene) exhibits RPS2- and avrRpt2-dependent induction early after infection with Pseudomonas syringae carrying avrRpt2 []. The domain is also apparently found in a number of mammalian proteins, for example the rat immune-associated nucleotide 4 protein. ; GO: 0005525 GTP binding; PDB: 3LXX_A 3BB4_A 3DEF_A 3BB3_A 2J3E_A 3V70_B 3BB1_A 1H65_B 2XTP_A 3P1J_C ....
>TIGR03596 GTPase_YlqF ribosome biogenesis GTP-binding protein YlqF
Members of this protein family are GTP-binding proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis, including the essential YlqF protein of Bacillus subtilis, which is an essential protein. They are related to Era, EngA, and other GTPases of ribosome biogenesis, but are circularly permuted. This family is not universal, and is not present in Escherichia coli, and so is not as well studied as some other GTPases. This model is built for bacterial members.
>TIGR00991 3a0901s02IAP34 GTP-binding protein (Chloroplast Envelope Protein Translocase)
Large GTPases that mediate vesicle trafficking. Dynamin participates in the endocytic uptake of receptors, associated ligands, and plasma membrane following an exocytic event.
This subfamily of GTPases is typified by the E. coli YihA, an essential protein involved in cell division control. YihA and its orthologs are small proteins that typically contain less than 200 amino acid residues and consists of the GTPase domain only (some of the eukaryotic homologs contain an N-terminal extension of about 120 residues that might be involved in organellar targeting). Homologs of yihA are found in most Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, with the exception of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The broad-spectrum nature of YihA and its essentiality for cell viability in bacteria make it an attractive antibacterial target.
This CD represents the first GTPase domain of EngA and its orthologs, which are composed of two adjacent GTPase domains. Since the sequences of the two domains are more similar to each other than to other GTPases, it is likely that an ancient gene duplication, rather than a fusion of evolutionarily distinct GTPases, gave rise to this family. Although the exact function of these proteins has not been elucidated, studies have revealed that the E. coli EngA homolog, Der, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae EngA are essential for cell viability. A recent report suggests that E. coli Der functions in ribosome assembly and stability.
>PF00350 Dynamin_N: Dynamin family; InterPro: IPR001401 Membrane transport between compartments in eukaryotic cells requires proteins that allow the budding and scission of nascent cargo vesicles from one compartment and their targeting and fusion with another
Dynamins are large GTPases that belong to a protein superfamily [] that, in eukaryotic cells, includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, OPA1, Mx proteins, mitofusins and guanylate-binding proteins/atlastins [, , , ], and are involved in the scission of a wide range of vesicles and organelles. They play a role in many processes including budding of transport vesicles, division of organelles, cytokinesis and pathogen resistance. The minimal distinguishing architectural features that are common to all dynamins and are distinct from other GTPases are the structure of the large GTPase domain (300 amino acids) and the presence of two additional domains; the middle domain and the GTPase effector domain (GED), which are involved in oligomerization and regulation of the GTPase activity. This entry represents the GTPase domain, containing the GTP-binding motifs that are needed for guanine-nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. The conservation of these motifs is absolute except for the the final motif in guanylate-binding proteins. The GTPase catalytic activity can be stimulated by oligomerisation of the protein, which is mediated by interactions between the GTPase domain, the middle domain and the GED.; GO: 0003924 GTPase activity, 0005525 GTP binding; PDB: 1JWY_B 1JX2_B 3ZVR_A 2AKA_B 3L43_B 2X2F_D 2X2E_D 3SNH_A 3ZYS_D 3ZYC_D ....
>PF01926 MMR_HSR1: 50S ribosome-binding GTPase; InterPro: IPR002917 Human HSR1, has been localized to the human MHC class I region and is highly homologous to a putative GTP-binding protein, MMR1 from mouse
These proteins represent a new subfamily of GTP-binding proteins that has both prokaryote and eukaryote members [].; GO: 0005525 GTP binding, 0005622 intracellular; PDB: 2DWQ_B 2DBY_A 3CNN_A 3CNO_A 3CNL_A 3IBY_A 1PUI_B 1WXQ_A 1LNZ_A 3GEE_A ....
>COG0218 Predicted GTPase [General function prediction only]
The long precursor of the 86K protein originally described is proposed to have three domains. The N-terminal A-domain is acidic, repetitive, weakly conserved, readily removed by proteolysis during chloroplast isolation, and not required for protein translocation. The other domains are designated G (GTPase) and M (membrane anchor); this family includes most of the G domain and all of M.
YqeH is an essential GTP-binding protein. Depletion of YqeH induces an excess initiation of DNA replication, suggesting that it negatively controls initiation of chromosome replication. The YqeH subfamily is common in eukaryotes and sporadically present in bacteria with probable acquisition by plants from chloroplasts. Proteins of the YqeH family contain all sequence motifs typical of the vast class of P-loop-containing GTPases, but show a circular permutation, with a G4-G1-G3 pattern of motifs as opposed to the regular G1-G3-G4 pattern seen in most GTPases.
>cd01879 FeoB Ferrous iron transport protein B (FeoB) subfamily
E. coli has an iron(II) transport system, known as feo, which may make an important contribution to the iron supply of the cell under anaerobic conditions. FeoB has been identified as part of this transport system. FeoB is a large 700-800 amino acid integral membrane protein. The N terminus contains a P-loop motif suggesting that iron transport may be ATP dependent.
This family describes YqeH, a member of a larger family of GTPases involved in ribosome biogenesis. Like YqlF, it shows a cyclical permutation relative to GTPases EngA (in which the GTPase domain is duplicated), Era, and others. Members of this protein family are found in a relatively small number of bacterial species, including Bacillus subtilis but not Escherichia coli.
Rab6 is involved in microtubule-dependent transport pathways through the Golgi and from endosomes to the Golgi. Rab6A of mammals is implicated in retrograde transport through the Golgi stack, and is also required for a slow, COPI-independent, retrograde transport pathway from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This pathway may allow Golgi residents to be recycled through the ER for scrutiny by ER quality-control systems. Yeast Ypt6p, the homolog of the mammalian Rab6 GTPase, is not essential for cell viability. Ypt6p acts in endosome-to-Golgi, in intra-Golgi retrograde transport, and possibly also in Golgi-to-ER trafficking. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate
>COG4659 RnfG Predicted NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit RnfG [Energy production and conversion]
It controls modification of the uridine at the wobble position (U34) of tRNAs that read codons ending with A or G in the mixed codon family boxes. TrmE contains a GTPase domain that forms a canonical Ras-like fold. It functions a molecular switch GTPase, and apparently uses a conformational change associated with GTP hydrolysis to promote the tRNA modification reaction, in which the conserved cysteine in the C-terminal domain is thought to function as a catalytic residue. In bacteria that are able to survive in extremely low pH conditions, TrmE regulates glutamate-dependent acid resistance.
Human HSR1, is localized to the human MHC class I region and is highly homologous to a putative GTP-binding protein, MMR1 from mouse. These proteins represent a new subfamily of GTP-binding proteins that has only eukaryote members. This subfamily shows a circular permutation of the GTPase signature motifs so that the C-terminal strands 5, 6, and 7 (strand 6 contains the G4 box with sequence NKXD) are relocated to the N terminus.
>COG3596 Predicted GTPase [General function prediction only]
Snu114p is one of several proteins that make up the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. U5 is a component of the spliceosome, which catalyzes the splicing of pre-mRNA to remove introns. Snu114p is homologous to EF-2, but typically contains an additional N-terminal domain not found in Ef-2. This protein is part of the GTP translation factor family and the Ras superfamily, characterized by five G-box motifs.
Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25 are closely related, evolutionary conserved Rab proteins that are differentially expressed. Rab11a is ubiquitously synthesized, Rab11b is enriched in brain and heart and Rab25 is only found in epithelia. Rab11/25 proteins seem to regulate recycling pathways from endosomes to the plasma membrane and to the trans-Golgi network. Furthermore, Rab11a is thought to function in the histamine-induced fusion of tubulovesicles containing H+, K+ ATPase with the plasma membrane in gastric parietal cells and in insulin-stimulated insertion of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Rab25 has recently been observed in ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and has been correlated with worsened outcomes in both diseases. In addition, Rab25 overexpression has also been observed in prostate cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and invasive breast tumor cells. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP
Rab GTPases form the largest family within the Ras superfamily. There are at least 60 Rab genes in the human genome, and a number of Rab GTPases are conserved from yeast to humans. Rab GTPases are small, monomeric proteins that function as molecular switches to regulate vesicle trafficking pathways. The different Rab GTPases are localized to the cytosolic face of specific intracellular membranes, where they regulate distinct steps in membrane traffic pathways. In the GTP-bound form, Rab GTPases recruit specific sets of effector proteins onto membranes. Through their effectors, Rab GTPases regulate vesicle formation, actin- and tubulin-dependent vesicle movement, and membrane fusion. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide di
>TIGR03598 GTPase_YsxC ribosome biogenesis GTP-binding protein YsxC/EngB
Members of this protein family are a GTPase associated with ribosome biogenesis, typified by YsxC from Bacillus subutilis. The family is widely but not universally distributed among bacteria. Members commonly are called EngB based on homology to EngA, one of several other GTPases of ribosome biogenesis. Cutoffs as set find essentially all bacterial members, but also identify large numbers of eukaryotic (probably organellar) sequences. This protein is found in about 80 percent of bacterial genomes.
