Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. Drosophila ananassae (taxid: 7217)
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation.
Drosophila virilis (taxid: 7244)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
After peptide bond formation, this elongation factor of bacteria and organelles catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA-mRNA complex, with its attached nascent polypeptide chain, from the A-site to the P-site of the ribosome. Every completed bacterial genome has at least one copy, but some species have additional EF-G-like proteins. The closest homolog to canonical (e.g. E. coli) EF-G in the spirochetes clusters as if it is derived from mitochondrial forms, while a more distant second copy is also present. Synechocystis PCC6803 has a few proteins more closely related to EF-G than to any other characterized protein. Two of these resemble E. coli EF-G more closely than does the best match from the spirochetes; it may be that both function as authentic EF-G [Protein synthesis, Translation factors]. Length = 689
This model represents archaeal elongation factor 2, a protein more similar to eukaryotic EF-2 than to bacterial EF-G, both in sequence similarity and in sharing with eukaryotes the property of having a diphthamide (modified His) residue at a conserved position. The diphthamide can be ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin in the presence of NAD [Protein synthesis, Translation factors]. Length = 720
After peptide bond formation, this elongation factor of bacteria and organelles catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA-mRNA complex, with its attached nascent polypeptide chain, from the A-site to the P-site of the ribosome. Every completed bacterial genome has at least one copy, but some species have additional EF-G-like proteins. The closest homolog to canonical (e.g. E. coli) EF-G in the spirochetes clusters as if it is derived from mitochondrial forms, while a more distant second copy is also present. Synechocystis PCC6803 has a few proteins more closely related to EF-G than to any other characterized protein. Two of these resemble E. coli EF-G more closely than does the best match from the spirochetes; it may be that both function as authentic EF-G.
This model represents archaeal elongation factor 2, a protein more similar to eukaryotic EF-2 than to bacterial EF-G, both in sequence similarity and in sharing with eukaryotes the property of having a diphthamide (modified His) residue at a conserved position. The diphthamide can be ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin in the presence of NAD.
LepA (GUF1 in Saccaromyces) is a GTP-binding membrane protein related to EF-G and EF-Tu. Two types of phylogenetic tree, rooted by other GTP-binding proteins, suggest that eukaryotic homologs (including GUF1 of yeast) originated within the bacterial LepA family. The function is unknown.
>TIGR01394 TypA_BipA GTP-binding protein TypA/BipA
This bacterial (and Arabidopsis) protein, termed TypA or BipA, a GTP-binding protein, is phosphorylated on a tyrosine residue under some cellular conditions. Mutants show altered regulation of some pathways, but the precise function is unknown.
This translation releasing factor, RF-3 (prfC) was originally described as stop codon-independent, in contrast to peptide chain release factor 1 (RF-1, prfA) and RF-2 (prfB). RF-1 and RF-2 are closely related to each other, while RF-3 is similar to elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G; RF-1 is active at UAA and UAG and RF-2 is active at UAA and UGA. More recently, RF-3 was shown to be active primarily at UGA stop codons in E. coli. All bacteria and organelles have RF-1. The Mycoplasmas and organelles, which translate UGA as Trp rather than as a stop codon, lack RF-2. RF-3, in contrast, seems to be rare among bacteria and is found so far only in Escherichia coli and some other gamma subdivision Proteobacteria, in Synechocystis PCC6803, and in Staphylococcus aureus.
>PF03764 EFG_IV: Elongation factor G, domain IV; InterPro: IPR005517 Translation elongation factors are responsible for two main processes during protein synthesis on the ribosome [, , ]
EF1A (or EF-Tu) is responsible for the selection and binding of the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site (acceptor site) of the ribosome. EF2 (or EF-G) is responsible for the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site (peptidyl-tRNA site) of the ribosome, thereby freeing the A-site for the next aminoacyl-tRNA to bind. Elongation factors are responsible for achieving accuracy of translation and both EF1A and EF2 are remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Elongation factor EF2 (EF-G) is a G-protein. It brings about the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA and mRNA through a ratchet-like mechanism: the binding of GTP-EF2 to the ribosome causes a counter-clockwise rotation in the small ribosomal subunit; the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP by EF2 and the subsequent release of EF2 causes a clockwise rotation of the small subunit back to the starting position [, ]. This twisting action destabilises tRNA-ribosome interactions, freeing the tRNA to translocate along the ribosome upon GTP-hydrolysis by EF2. EF2 binding also affects the entry and exit channel openings for the mRNA, widening it when bound to enable the mRNA to translocate along the ribosome. EF2 has five domains. This entry represents domain IV found in EF2 (or EF-G) of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The EF2-GTP-ribosome complex undergoes extensive structural rearrangement for tRNA-mRNA movement to occur. Domain IV, which extends from the 'body' of the EF2 molecule much like a lever arm, appears to be essential for the structural transition to take place. More information about these proteins can be found at Protein of the Month: Elongation Factors [].; GO: 0005525 GTP binding; PDB: 3J0E_H 1FNM_A 3IZP_E 2OM7_L 1KTV_A 2J7K_A 2BM1_A 2BM0_A 2BV3_A 1ZM3_E ....
This subfamily is a part the of mitochondrial transcriptional elongation factor, mtEF-G2. Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. In complex with GTP, EF-G promotes the translocation step of translation. During translocation the peptidyl-tRNA is moved from the A site to the P site of the small subunit of ribosome and the mRNA is shifted one codon relative to the ribosome.
Included in this group is a domain of mitochondrial Elongation factor G1 (mtEFG1) proteins homologous to domain IV of EF-G. Eukaryotic cells harbor 2 protein synthesis systems: one localized in the cytoplasm, the other in the mitochondria. Most factors regulating mitochondrial protein synthesis are encoded by nuclear genes, translated in the cytoplasm, and then transported to the mitochondria. The eukaryotic system of elongation factor (EF) components is more complex than that in prokaryotes, with both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial elongation factors and multiple isoforms being expressed in certain species. During the process of peptide synthesis and tRNA site changes, the ribosome is moved along the mRNA a distance equal to one codon with the addition of each amino acid. In bacteria this translocation step is catalyzed by EF-G_GTP, which is hydrolyzed to provi
>cd01680 EFG_like_IV Elongation Factor G-like domain IV
This family includes the translational elongation factor termed EF-2 (for Archaea and Eukarya) and EF-G (for Bacteria), ribosomal protection proteins that mediate tetracycline resistance and, an evolutionarily conserved U5 snRNP-specific protein (U5-116kD). In complex with GTP, EF-G/EF-2 promotes the translocation step of translation. During translocation the peptidyl-tRNA is moved from the A site to the P site of the small subunit of ribosome and the mRNA is shifted one codon relative to the ribosome. It has been shown that EF-G/EF-2_IV domain mimics the shape of anticodon arm of the tRNA in the structurally homologous ternary complex of Petra, EF-Tu (another transcriptional elongation factor) and GTP analog. The tip portion of this domain is found in a position that overlaps the anticodon arm of the A-site tRNA, implying that EF-G/EF-2 displaces the A-site tRNA to the P-site by physical interaction with the anticodon arm.
RPPs such as tetracycline resistance proteins Tet(M) and Tet(O) mediate tetracycline resistance in both gram-positive and -negative species. Tetracyclines inhibit the accommodation of aminoacyl-tRNA into ribosomal A site and therefore prevent the addition of new amino acids to the growing polypeptide. RPPs Tet(M) confer tetracycline resistance by releasing tetracycline from the ribosome and thereby freeing the ribosome from inhibitory effects of the drug, such that aa-tRNA can bind to the A site and protein synthesis can continue.
>cd01683 EF2_IV_snRNP EF-2_domain IV_snRNP domain is a part of 116kD U5-specific protein of the U5 small nucleoprotein (snRNP) particle, essential component of the spliceosome
The protein is structurally closely related to the eukaryotic translational elongation factor EF2. This domain has been also identified in 114kD U5-specific protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and may play an important role either in splicing process itself or the recycling of spliceosomal snRNP.
>cd01681 aeEF2_snRNP_like_IV This family represents domain IV of archaeal and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (aeEF-2) and of an evolutionarily conserved U5 snRNP-specific protein
U5 snRNP is a GTP-binding factor closely related to the ribosomal translocase EF-2. In complex with GTP, EF-2 promotes the translocation step of translation. During translocation the peptidyl-tRNA is moved from the A site to the P site of the small subunit of ribosome and the mRNA is shifted one codon relative to the ribosome. It has been shown that EF-2_IV domain mimics the shape of anticodon arm of the tRNA in the structurally homologous ternary complex of Phe-tRNA, EF-1 (another transcriptional elongation factor) and GTP analog. The tip portion of this domain is found in a position that overlaps the anticodon arm of the A-site tRNA, implying that EF-2 displaces the A-site tRNA to the P-site by physical interaction with the anticodon arm.
>pdb|3J0E|H Chain H, Models For The T. Thermophilus Ribosome Recycling Factor And The E. Coli Elongation Factor G Bound To The E. Coli Post-Termination Complex Length = 702
>pdb|3ZZ0|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of Ribosomal Elongation Factor (Ef)-G From Staphylococcus Aureus With A Fusidic Acid Hyper-Sensitivity Mutation M16i Length = 693
