Score = 42.7 bits (99), Expect = 6e-04, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 23/68 (33%), Positives = 36/68 (52%), Gaps = 1/68 (1%)
Query: 11 QQCFSPHLKMCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCSL 70
+QC + ++MCR + Y+ T+ PN+ G + +E L F + E CS + K FLC+
Sbjct: 44 RQCETIRIEMCRKIG-YNETSMPNLVGNEMQTDVEYTLQTFAPLIEYDCSSQLKLFLCAA 102
Query: 71 LEPECQPN 78
P C P
Sbjct: 103 YVPMCTPK 110
Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. May be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. Required to coordinate the cytoskeletons of epidermal cells to produce a parallel array of cuticular hairs and bristles. Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 56.0 bits (135), Expect = 9e-12
Identities = 30/74 (40%), Positives = 39/74 (52%), Gaps = 1/74 (1%)
Query: 12 QCFSPHLKMCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCSLL 71
+C L +CRG+ PY+ T PN+ G S E L F + S C P + FLCSL
Sbjct: 1 KCEPIPLPLCRGL-PYNTTRFPNLLGHESQEEAEQELESFTPLVNSGCHPDLRFFLCSLY 59
Query: 72 EPECQPNGQNILPP 85
PEC P+G +PP
Sbjct: 60 FPECTPDGDRPIPP 73
CRD_FZ is an essential component of a number of cell surface receptors, which are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, particularly in modulating the activity of the Wnt proteins, which play a fundamental role in the early development of metazoans. CRD is also found in secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which lack the transmembrane segment found in the frizzled protein. The CRD domain is also present in the alpha-1 chain of mouse type XVIII collagen, in carboxypeptidase Z, several receptor tyrosine kinases, and the mosaic transmembrane serine protease corin. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. CRD domains have also been identified in multiple tandem copies in a Dictyostelium discoideum protein. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines. Length = 119
Score = 39.7 bits (93), Expect = 1e-05
Identities = 22/68 (32%), Positives = 33/68 (48%), Gaps = 1/68 (1%)
Query: 18 LKMCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCSLLEPECQP 77
+C+G+ Y+ T PN+ G + E L + + KCSP + FLCSL P C
Sbjct: 6 GPLCKGL-GYNYTLMPNLLGHETQKEAELQLTAWTPLVNVKCSPALQFFLCSLYAPVCTE 64
Query: 78 NGQNILPP 85
+ +PP
Sbjct: 65 GLRTPIPP 72
Also known as the CRD (cysteine rich domain), the C6 box in MuSK receptor. This domain of unknown function has been independently identified by several groups. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines. Length = 108
Drosophila melanogaster frizzled mediates signalling that polarises a precursor cell along the anteroposterior axis. Homologues of the N-terminal region of frizzled exist either as transmembrane or secreted molecules. Frizzled homologues are reported to be receptors for the Wnt growth factors. (Not yet in MEDLINE: the FRI domain occurs in several receptor tyrosine kinases [Xu, Y.K. and Nusse, Curr. Biol. 8 R405-R406 (1998); Masiakowski, P. and Yanopoulos, G.D., Curr. Biol. 8, R407 (1998)]. Length = 113
>gnl|CDD|143557 cd07448, CRD_FZ4, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain of the frizzled 4 (Fz4) receptor
Score = 38.6 bits (90), Expect = 4e-05
Identities = 21/68 (30%), Positives = 35/68 (51%), Gaps = 1/68 (1%)
Query: 10 QQQCFSPHLKMCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCS 69
++C ++MC+G+ Y++T PN+ G + E L F + + CS + K FLCS
Sbjct: 1 DRRCEPIRIEMCQGL-GYNVTRMPNLVGHELQTDAELQLQTFTPLIQYGCSSQLKFFLCS 59
Query: 70 LLEPECQP 77
+ P C
Sbjct: 60 VYVPMCTE 67
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 4 (Fz4) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and the Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Frizzled 4 (Fz4) activates the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C of the Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling pathway during retinal angiogenesis. Mutations in Fz4 lead to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by failure of the peripheral retinal vascularization. In addition, the interplay between Fz4 and norrin as a receptor-ligand pair plays an important role in vascular development in the retina and inner ear in a Wnt-independent manner. Length = 126
>gnl|CDD|143563 cd07454, CRD_LIN_17, Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of LIN_17
A cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential component of a number of cell surface receptors, which are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, particularly in modulating the activity of the Wnt proteins, which play a fundamental role in the early development of metazoans. CRD is also found in secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which lack the transmembrane segment found in the frizzled protein. The CRD domain is also present in the alpha-1 chain of mouse type XVIII collagen, in carboxypeptidase Z, several receptor tyrosine kinases, and the mosaic transmembrane serine protease corin. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. CRD domains have also been identified in multiple tandem copies in a Dictyostelium discoideum protein. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines. The protein lin-17 is involved in cell type specification during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Length = 124
>gnl|CDD|143569 cd07460, CRD_FZ5, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) receptor
proteins. The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz5 plays critical regulating roles in the yolk sac and placental angiogenesis, in the maturation of the Paneth cell phenotype, in governing the neural potential of progenitors in the developing retina, and in neuronal survival in the parafascicular nucleus. Length = 127
>gnl|CDD|143565 cd07456, CRD_FZ5_like, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of receptors similar to frizzled 5
Score = 35.5 bits (82), Expect = 6e-04
Identities = 25/68 (36%), Positives = 34/68 (50%), Gaps = 5/68 (7%)
Query: 20 MCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPY--FEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCSLLEPECQP 77
MC+G+ Y++T PN + EA L F + E +CSP K FLCS+ P C
Sbjct: 9 MCKGIG-YNMTYMPNQFNHDTQE--EAGLEVHQFWPLVEIQCSPDLKFFLCSMYTPICLE 65
Query: 78 NGQNILPP 85
+ LPP
Sbjct: 66 DYDKPLPP 73
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) and frizzled 8 (Fz8) receptors, and similar proteins. This domain is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines. Length = 120
>gnl|CDD|143572 cd07463, CRD_FZ9, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 9 (Fz9) receptor
Score = 34.6 bits (79), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 22/67 (32%), Positives = 29/67 (43%), Gaps = 1/67 (1%)
Query: 9 GQQQCFSPHLKMCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLC 68
+C + MCRG+ Y++T PN G S L F + E C + FLC
Sbjct: 1 RAAKCQPVVIPMCRGIG-YNLTRMPNFLGHDSQREAAIKLNEFAPLVEYGCHVHLRFFLC 59
Query: 69 SLLEPEC 75
SL P C
Sbjct: 60 SLYAPMC 66
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 9 (Fz9) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz9 may play a signaling role in lymphoid development and maturation, particularly at points where B cells undergo self-renewal prior to further differentiation. Length = 127
>gnl|CDD|143566 cd07457, CRD_FZ9_like, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of receptors similar to frizzled 9
Score = 34.4 bits (79), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 19/56 (33%), Positives = 30/56 (53%), Gaps = 1/56 (1%)
Query: 20 MCRGVTPYDITAQPNIPGITSLSSLEAALPYFEMIAESKCSPRAKQFLCSLLEPEC 75
MC+G+ Y++T PN+ G S S ++ F + + C+ + FLCSL P C
Sbjct: 10 MCQGIG-YNMTRMPNLLGHESQSEAAISIHEFAPLVQYGCAEHLRFFLCSLYAPMC 64
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 9 (Fz9) and frizzled 10 (Fz10) receptors, and similar proteins. This domain is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines. Length = 121
>gnl|CDD|143558 cd07449, CRD_FZ3, Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 3 (Fz3) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 3 (Fz3) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz3 plays a vital role in the anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons. Knockout mice without Fz3 show defects in fiber tracts in the rostral CNS. Length = 127
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 9 (Fz9) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz9 may play a signaling role in lymphoid development and maturation, particularly at points where B cells undergo self-renewal prior to further differentiation.
>cd07441 CRD_SFRP3 Cysteine-rich domain of the secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (SFRP3, alias FRZB), a Wnt antagonist
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (SFRP3, alias FRZB), which plays important roles in embryogenesis and postnatal development as an antagonist of Wnt proteins, key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes. SFRPs antagonize the activation of Wnt signaling by binding to the CRD domains of frizzled proteins (Fz), thereby preventing Wnt proteins from binding to these receptors. SFRPs are also known to have functions unrelated to Wnt, as enhancers of procollagen cleavage by the TLD proteinases. SFRPs and Fz proteins both contain CRD domains, but SFRPs lack the seven-pass transmembrane domain which is an integral part of Fzs. SFRP3 regulates Wnt signaling activity in bone development and homeostasis. It is also involved in the control of planar cell polarity.
>cd07442 CRD_SFRP4 Cysteine-rich domain of the secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), a Wnt antagonist
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the secreted frizzled-related Protein 4 (SFRP4), which regulates the activity of Wnt proteins, key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes such as embryogenesis and postnatal development. SFRPs antagonize the activation of Wnt signaling by binding to the CRDs domains of frizzled (Fz) proteins, thereby preventing Wnt proteins from binding to these receptors. SFRPs are also known to have functions unrelated to Wnt, as enhancers of procollagen cleavage by the TLD proteinases. SFRPs and Fz proteins both contain CRD domains, but SFRPs lack the seven-pass transmembrane domain which is an integral part of Fzs.
>cd07462 CRD_FZ10 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 10 (Fz10) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 10 (Fz10) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. The cellular functon of Fz10 is unknown.
>cd07460 CRD_FZ5 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) receptor
proteins. The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz5 plays critical regulating roles in the yolk sac and placental angiogenesis, in the maturation of the Paneth cell phenotype, in governing the neural potential of progenitors in the developing retina, and in neuronal s
>cd07454 CRD_LIN_17 Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of LIN_17
A cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential component of a number of cell surface receptors, which are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, particularly in modulating the activity of the Wnt proteins, which play a fundamental role in the early development of metazoans. CRD is also found in secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which lack the transmembrane segment found in the frizzled protein. The CRD domain is also present in the alpha-1 chain of mouse type XVIII collagen, in carboxypeptidase Z, several receptor tyrosine kinases, and the mosaic transmembrane serine protease corin. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. CRD domains have also been identified in multiple tandem copies in a Dictyostelium discoideum protein. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with the
>cd07461 CRD_FZ8 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 8 (Fz8) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 8 (Fz8) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Xenopus Fz8 is important in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways controlling the transcriptional activation of target genes Siamois and Xnr3 in the animal caps of late blastula.
>cd07466 CRD_FZ7 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 7 (Fz7) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 7 (Fz7) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Xenopus Fz7 is important in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways controlling the transcriptional activation of target genes Siamois and Xnr3 in the animal caps of late blastula.
>cd07457 CRD_FZ9_like Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of receptors similar to frizzled 9
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 9 (Fz9) and frizzled 10 (Fz10) receptors, and similar proteins. This domain is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines.
>cd07456 CRD_FZ5_like Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of receptors similar to frizzled 5
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 5 (Fz5) and frizzled 8 (Fz8) receptors, and similar proteins. This domain is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines.
>cd07465 CRD_FZ1 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 1 (Fz1) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 1 (Fz1) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata.
>cd07464 CRD_FZ2 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 2 (Fz2) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 2 (Fz2) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz2 is involved in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and in the activation of protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase).
>cd07888 CRD_corin_2 One of two cysteine-rich domains of the corin protein, a type II transmembrane serine protease
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential component of corin, a type II transmembrane serine protease which functions as the convertase of the pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) in the heart. Corin contains two CRDs in its extracellular region, which play an important role in recognition of the physiological substrate, pro-ANP. This model characterizes the second (C-terminal) CRD.
>cd07458 CRD_FZ1_like Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of receptors similar to frizzled 1
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 1 (Fz1), frizzled 2 (Fz2), and frizzled 7 (Fz7) receptors, and similar proteins. This domain is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact with their ligands. The domain contains 10 conserved cysteines.
>cd07448 CRD_FZ4 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain of the frizzled 4 (Fz4) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 4 (Fz4) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and the Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Frizzled 4 (Fz4) activates the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C of the Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling pathway during retinal angiogenesis. Mutations in Fz4 lead to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR
>cd07449 CRD_FZ3 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 3 (Fz3) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 3 (Fz3) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Fz3 plays a vital role in the anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons. Knockout mice without Fz3 show defects in fiber tracts in the rostral CNS.
>cd07446 CRD_SFRP2 Cysteine-rich domain of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), a regulator of Wnt activity
The cysteine-rich-domain (CRD) is an essential part of the secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), which regulates the activity of Wnt proteins, key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes such as embryogenesis and postnatal development. SFRPs antagonize the activation of Wnt signaling by binding to CRD domains of frizzled (Fz) proteins, thereby preventing Wnt proteins from binding to these receptors. SFRPs and Fz proteins both contain CRD domains, but SFRPs lack the seven-pass transmembrane domain which is an integral part of Fzs. As a Wnt antagonist, SFRP2 regulates Nkx2.2 expression in the ventral spinal cord and anteroposterior axis elongation. SFRP2 also has a Wnt-independent function as an enhancer of procollagen cleavage by the TLD proteinases. SFRP2 binds both procollagen and TLD, thus facilitating the enzymatic reaction by bringing togeth
>cd07455 CRD_Collagen_XVIII Cysteine-rich domain of the variant 3 of collagen XVIII (V3C18 )
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the variant 3 of collagen XVIII (V3C18), which regulates major cellular functions such as the differential epithelial morphogenesis of early lung and kidney development. V3C18 is a 170 kD protein, which is proteolotically processed into the CRD-containing 50 kD glucoprotein precursor that binds Wnt3a through its CRD domain and suppresses the Wnt3a-induced stabilization of beta catenin. Full-length V3C18 is unable to inhibit Wnt signaling.
>cd07450 CRD_FZ6 Cysteine-rich Wnt-binding domain (CRD) of the frizzled 6 (Fz6) receptor
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential extracellular portion of the frizzled 6 (Fz6) receptor, and is required for binding Wnt proteins, which play fundamental roles in many aspects of early development, such as cell and tissue polarity, neural synapse formation, and the regulation of proliferation. Fz proteins serve as Wnt receptors for multiple signal transduction pathways, including both beta-catenin dependent and -independent cellular signaling, as well as the planar cell polarity pathway and Ca(2+) modulating signaling pathway. CRD containing Fzs have been found in diverse species from amoebas to mammals. 10 different frizzled proteins are found in vertebrata. Frizzled 6 (Fz6) is expressed in the skin and hair follicles and controls hair patterning in mammals using a Fz-dependent tissue polarity system, which is similar to the one that patterns the Drosophila cuticle.
>cd07445 CRD_corin_1 One of two cysteine-rich domains of the corin protein, a type II transmembrane serine protease
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential component of corin, a type II transmembrane serine protease which functions as the convertase of the pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) in the heart. Corin contains two CRDs in its extracellular region, which play an important role in recognition of the physiological substrate, pro-ANP. This model characterizes the first (N-terminal) CRD.
>cd07447 CRD_Carboxypeptidase_Z Cysteine-rich domain of carboxypeptidase Z, a member of the carboxypeptidase E family
The cysteine-rich-domain (CRD) is an essential part of carboxypeptidase Z, a member of the carboxypeptidase E family of metallocarboxypeptidases. This is a group of Zn-dependent enzymes implicated in the intra- and extracellular processing of proteins. Carboxypeptidase Z removes C-terminal basic amino acid residues from its substrates, particularly arginine. The CRD acts as a ligand-binding domain for Wnts involved in developmental processes. CPZ binds and may process Wnt-4, CPZ has also been found to enhance the induction of the homeobox gene Cdx1. During vertebrate embryogenesis, the CRD of CPZ upregulates Pax3, a Wnt reporter gene essential for patterning of somites and limb development.
Drosophila melanogaster frizzled mediates signalling that polarises a precursor cell along the anteroposterior axis. Homologues of the N-terminal region of frizzled exist either as transmembrane or secreted molecules. Frizzled homologues are reported to be receptors for the Wnt growth factors. (Not yet in MEDLINE: the FRI domain occurs in several receptor tyrosine kinases [Xu, Y.K. and Nusse, Curr. Biol. 8 R405-R406 (1998); Masiakowski, P. and Yanopoulos, G.D., Curr. Biol. 8, R407 (1998)].
>cd07444 CRD_SFRP5 Cysteine-rich domain of the secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), a regulator of Wnt activity
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the secreted frizzled-related Protein 5 (SFRP5), which regulates the activity of Wnt proteins, key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes such as embryogenesis and postnatal development. SFRPs antagonize the activation of Wnt signaling by binding to the CRD domains of frizzled (Fz) proteins, thereby preventing Wnt proteins from binding to these receptors. SFRPs are also known to have functions unrelated to Wnt, as enhancers of procollagen cleavage by the TLD proteinases. SFRPs and Fz proteins both contain CRD domains, but SFRPs lack the seven-pass transmembrane domain which is an integral part of Fzs.
>cd07443 CRD_SFRP1 Cysteine-rich domain of the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), a regulator of Wnt activity
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), which regulates the activity of Wnt proteins, key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes such as embryogenesis and postnatal development. SFRPs antagonize the activation of Wnt signaling by binding to the CRDs domains of frizzled (Fz) proteins, thereby preventing Wnt proteins from binding to these receptors. SFRPs are also known to have functions unrelated to Wnt, as enhancers of procollagen cleavage by the TLD proteinases. SFRPs and Fz proteins both contain CRD domains, but SFRPs lack the seven-pass transmembrane domain which is an integral part of Fzs. SFRP1 is expressed in many tissues and is involved in the regulation of Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, leading to enhanced trabecular bone formation in adults; it has also been shown to control the gro
>cd07452 CRD_sizzled Cysteine-rich domain of the sizzled protein
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the sizzled protein, which regulates bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling by stabilizing chordin, and plays a critical role in the patterning of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. Sizzled also functions in the ventral region as a Wnt inhibitor and modulates canonical Wnt signaling. Sizzled proteins belong to the secreted frizzled-related protein family (SFRP), and have be identified in the genomes of birds, fishes and frogs, but not mammals.
>cd07453 CRD_crescent Cysteine-rich domain of the crescent protein
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the crescent protein, a member of the secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) family, which regulates convergent extension movements (CEMs) during gastrulation and neurulation. Xenopus laevis crescent efficiently forms inhibitory complexes with Wnt5a and Wnt11, but this effect is cancelled in the presence of another member of the SFRP family, Frzb1. A potential role for Crescent in head formation is to regulate a non-canonical Wnt pathway positively in the adjacent posterior mesoderm, and negatively in the overlying anterior neuroectoderm.
>cd07451 CRD_SMO Cysteine-rich domain of the smoothened receptor (Smo) integral membrane protein
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is part of the smoothened receptor (Smo), an integral membrane protein and one of the key players in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, critical for development, cell growth and migration, as well as stem cell maintenance. The CRD of Smo is conserved in vertebrates and can also be identified in invertebrates. The precise function of the CRD in Smo is unknown. Mutations in the Drosophila CRD disrupt Smo activity in vivo, while deletion of the CRD in mammalian cells does not seem to affect the activity of overexpressed Smo.
CRD_FZ is an essential component of a number of cell surface receptors, which are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, particularly in modulating the activity of the Wnt proteins, which play a fundamental role in the early development of metazoans. CRD is also found in secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which lack the transmembrane segment found in the frizzled protein. The CRD domain is also present in the alpha-1 chain of mouse type XVIII collagen, in carboxypeptidase Z, several receptor tyrosine kinases, and the mosaic transmembrane serine protease corin. The CRD domain is well conserved in metazoans - 10 frizzled proteins have been identified in mammals, 4 in Drosophila and 3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. CRD domains have also been identified in multiple tandem copies in a Dictyostelium discoideum protein. Very little is known about the mechanism by which CRD domains interact wit
>PF01392 Fz: Fz domain; InterPro: IPR020067 The frizzled (fz) domain is an extracellular domain of about 120 amino acids
It was first identified in the alpha-1 chain of type XVIII collagen and in members of the Frizzled family of seven transmembrane (7TM) proteins which act as receptors for secreted Wingless (Wg)/Wnt glycoproteins []. In addition to these proteins, one or two copies of the fz domain are also found [, , , , ] in: The frizbee (Frzb) family; secreted frizzled-like proteins. Smoothened; another 7TM receptor involved in hedgehog signaling. Carboxpeptidase Z (CPZ). Transmembrane serine protease corin. Two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) subfamilies, the Ror family and the muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) family. As the fz domain contains 10 cysteines which are largely conserved, it has also been called cysteine-rich domain (CRD) []. The fz domain also contains several other highly conserved residues, for example, a basic amino acid follows C6, and a conserved proline residues lies four residues C-terminal to C9 []. The crystal structure of a fz domain shows that it is predominantly alpha-helical with all cysteines forming disulphide bonds. In addition to helical regions, two short beta-strands at the N terminus form a minimal beta-sheet with the second beta sheet passing through a knot created by disulphide bonds []. Several fz domains have been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for Wg/Wnt ligand binding, strongly suggesting that the fz domain is a Wg/Wnt interacting domain [, ].; GO: 0005515 protein binding; PDB: 1IJX_E 3HKL_B 1IJY_B 4F0A_A.
>cd07459 CRD_TK_ROR_like Cysteine-rich domain of tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) proteins, a conserved family of tyrosine kinases that function in various processes, including neuronal and skeletal development, cell polarity, and cell movement. Ror proteins are receptors of Wnt proteins, which are key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes in embryogenesis and postnatal development. In different cellular contexts, Ror proteins can either activate or repress transcription of Wnt target genes, and can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands. In addition, a number of Wnt-independent functions have been proposed for both Ror1 and Ror2.
>cd07467 CRD_TK_ROR1 Cysteine-rich domain of tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (Ror1), a conserved family of tyrosine kinases that function in various processes, including neuronal and skeletal development, cell polarity, and cell movement. Ror proteins are receptors of Wnt proteins, which are key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes in embryogenesis and postnatal development. In different cellular contexts, Ror proteins can either activate or repress transcription of Wnt target genes, and can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands. In addition, a number of Wnt-independent functions have been proposed for both Ror1 and Ror2.
>cd07468 CRD_TK_ROR2 Cysteine-rich domain of tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror2), a conserved family of tyrosine kinases that function in various processes, including neuronal and skeletal development, cell polarity, and cell movement. Ror proteins are receptors of Wnt proteins, which are key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes in embryogenesis and postnatal development. In different cellular contexts, Ror proteins can either activate or repress transcription of Wnt target genes, and can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands. In addition, a number of Wnt-independent functions have been proposed for both Ror1 and Ror2.
>cd07469 CRD_TK_ROR_related Cysteine-rich domain of proteins similar to tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors
The cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is an essential part of the tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror) proteins, a conserved family of tyrosine kinases that function in various processes, including neuronal and skeletal development, cell polarity, and cell movement. Ror proteins are receptors of Wnt proteins, which are key players in a number of fundamental cellular processes in embryogenesis and postnatal development. In different cellular contexts, Ror proteins can either activate or repress transcription of Wnt target genes, and can modulate Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnt ligands.
