>gi|307180059|gb|EFN68135.1| cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit [Camponotus floridanus] gi|307193131|gb|EFN76048.1| cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit [Harpegnathos saltator]
>gi|340717935|ref|XP_003397429.1| PREDICTED: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit-like [Bombus terrestris] gi|350400345|ref|XP_003485804.1| PREDICTED: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit-like [Bombus impatiens] gi|380012519|ref|XP_003690327.1| PREDICTED: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I regulatory subunit-like [Apis florea]
>gi|427792169|gb|JAA61536.1| Putative protein kinase camp-dependent regulatory type i alpha tissue specific extinguisher 1 b, partial [Rhipicephalus pulchellus]
>gi|189235535|ref|XP_972604.2| PREDICTED: similar to AGAP006448-PB [Tribolium castaneum] gi|270003022|gb|EEZ99469.1| hypothetical protein TcasGA2_TC000040 [Tribolium castaneum]
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase (STK), catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The inactive PKA holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two phosphorylated and active catalytic subunits with a dimer of regulatory (R) subunits. Activation is achieved through the binding of the important second messenger cAMP to the R subunits, which leads to the dissociation of PKA into the R dimer and two active subunits. There are two classes of R subunits, RI and RII; each exists as two isoforms (alpha and beta) from distinct genes. These functionally non-redundant R isoforms allow for specificity in PKA signaling. RI subunits are pseudo-substrates as they do not contain a phosphorylation site in their inhibitory site unlike RII subunits. RIalpha function is required for normal development as its deletion is embryonically lethal. RIbeta is expressed highly in the brain and is associated with hippocampal function. The R subunit contains an N-terminal dimerization/docking (D/D) domain, a linker with an inhibitory sequence, and two c-AMP binding domains. The D/D domain dimerizes to form a four-helix bundle that serves as a docking site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which facilitates the localization of PKA to specific sites in the cell. PKA is present ubiquitously in cells and interacts with many different downstream targets. It plays a role in the regulation of diverse processes such as growth, development, memory, metabolism, gene expression, immunity, and lipolysis. Length = 44
>gnl|CDD|213048 cd12101, DD_RIalpha_PKA, Dimerization/Docking domain of the Type I alpha Regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase (STK), catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The inactive PKA holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two phosphorylated and active catalytic subunits with a dimer of regulatory (R) subunits. Activation is achieved through the binding of the important second messenger cAMP to the R subunits, which leads to the dissociation of PKA into the R dimer and two active subunits. There are two classes of R subunits, RI and RII; each exists as two isoforms (alpha and beta) from distinct genes. These functionally non-redundant R isoforms allow for specificity in PKA signaling. RI subunits are pseudo-substrates as they do not contain a phosphorylation site in their inhibitory site unlike RII subunits. RIalpha is the key regulatory subunit responsible for maintaining cAMP control of the catalytic subunit. RIalpha function is required for normal development as its deletion is embryonically lethal due to failed cardiac morphogenesis. The R subunit contains an N-terminal dimerization/docking (D/D) domain, a linker with an inhibitory sequence, and two c-AMP binding domains. The D/D domain dimerizes to form a four-helix bundle that serves as a docking site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which facilitates the localization of PKA to specific sites in the cell. PKA is present ubiquitously in cells and interacts with many different downstream targets. It plays a role in the regulation of diverse processes such as growth, development, memory, metabolism, gene expression, immunity, and lipolysis. Length = 50
>gnl|CDD|213049 cd12102, DD_RIbeta_PKA, Dimerization/Docking domain of the Type I beta Regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase (STK), catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The inactive PKA holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two phosphorylated and active catalytic subunits with a dimer of regulatory (R) subunits. Activation is achieved through the binding of the important second messenger cAMP to the R subunits, which leads to the dissociation of PKA into the R dimer and two active subunits. There are two classes of R subunits, RI and RII; each exists as two isoforms (alpha and beta) from distinct genes. These functionally non-redundant R isoforms allow for specificity in PKA signaling. RI subunits are pseudo-substrates as they do not contain a phosphorylation site in their inhibitory site unlike RII subunits. RIbeta is expressed highly in the brain and is associated with hippocampal function. The R subunit contains an N-terminal dimerization/docking (D/D) domain, a linker with an inhibitory sequence, and two c-AMP binding domains. The D/D domain dimerizes to form a four-helix bundle that serves as a docking site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which facilitates the localization of PKA to specific sites in the cell. PKA is present ubiquitously in cells and interacts with many different downstream targets. It plays a role in the regulation of diverse processes such as growth, development, memory, metabolism, gene expression, immunity, and lipolysis. Length = 54
>gnl|CDD|213043 cd12084, DD_R_PKA, Dimerization/Docking domain of the Regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and similar domains
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a serine/threonine kinase (STK), catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The inactive PKA holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two phosphorylated and active catalytic subunits with a dimer of regulatory (R) subunits. Activation is achieved through the binding of the important second messenger cAMP to the R subunits, which leads to the dissociation of PKA into the R dimer and two active subunits. There are two classes of R subunits, RI and RII; each exists as two isoforms (alpha and beta) from distinct genes. These functionally non-redundant R isoforms allow for specificity in PKA signaling. The R subunit contains an N-terminal dimerization/docking (D/D) domain, a linker with an inhibitory sequence (IS), and two c-AMP binding domains. RI and RII subunits are distinguished by their IS; RII subunits contain a phosphorylation site and are both substrates and inhibitors while RI subunits are pseudo-substrates. RI subunits require ATP and Mg ions to form a stable holoenzyme while RII subunits do not. The D/D domain dimerizes to form a four-helix bundle that serves as a docking site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which facilitates the localization of PKA to specific sites in the cell. PKA is present ubiquitously in cells and interacts with many different downstream targets. It plays a role in the regulation of diverse processes such as growth, development, memory, metabolism, gene expression, immunity, and lipolysis. Length = 37
>gnl|CDD|202148 pfam02197, RIIa, Regulatory subunit of type II PKA R-subunit
RIIalpha, Regulatory subunit portion of type II PKA R-subunit. Contains dimerisation interface and binding site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Length = 38
>PF02197 RIIa: Regulatory subunit of type II PKA R-subunit; InterPro: IPR003117 Protein phosphorylation, which plays a key role in most cellular activities, is a reversible process mediated by protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases
Protein kinases catalyse the transfer of the gamma phosphate from nucleotide triphosphates (often ATP) to one or more amino acid residues in a protein substrate side chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function. Phosphoprotein phosphatases catalyse the reverse process. Protein kinases fall into three broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity []: Serine/threonine-protein kinases Tyrosine-protein kinases Dual specific protein kinases (e.g. MEK - phosphorylates both Thr and Tyr on target proteins) Protein kinase function has been evolutionarily conserved from Escherichia coli to human []. Protein kinases play a role in a multitude of cellular processes, including division, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation []. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The catalytic subunits of protein kinases are highly conserved, and several structures have been solved [], leading to large screens to develop kinase-specific inhibitors for the treatments of a number of diseases []. In the absence of cAMP, Protein Kinase A (PKA) exists as an equimolar tetramer of regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) subunits []. In addition to its role as an inhibitor of the C subunit, the R subunit anchors the holoenzyme to specific intracellular locations and prevents the C subunit from entering the nucleus. All R subunits have a conserved domain structure consisting of the N-terminal dimerization domain, inhibitory region, cAMP-binding domain A and cAMP-binding domain B. R subunits interact with C subunits primarily through the inhibitory site. The cAMP-binding domains show extensive sequence similarity and bind cAMP cooperatively. Two types of regulatory (R) subunits exist - types I and I - which differ in molecular weight, sequence, autophosphorylation cabaility, cellular location and tissue distribution. Types I and II were further sub-divided into alpha and beta subtypes, based mainly on sequence similarity. This entry represents types I-alpha, I-beta, II-alpha and II-beta regulatory subunits of PKA proteins. These subunits contain the dimerisation interface and binding site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs).; GO: 0008603 cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity, 0007165 signal transduction; PDB: 2IZY_E 1R2A_A 1L6E_A 2IZX_B 2KYG_A 2EZW_B 3IM4_B 3IM3_A 4F9K_C 2HWN_B ....
>smart00394 RIIa RIIalpha, Regulatory subunit portion of type II PKA R-subunit
RIIalpha, Regulatory subunit portion of type II PKA R-subunit. Contains dimerisation interface and binding site for A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs).
>PF05186 Dpy-30: Dpy-30 motif; InterPro: IPR007858 This motif is about 40 residues long and is probably formed of two alpha-helices
It is found in the Dpy-30 proteins, hence the motifs name. Dpy-30 from Caenorhabditis elegans is an essential component of dosage compensation machinery and loss of dpy-30 activity results in XX-specific lethality; in XO animals, Dpy-30 is required for developmental processes other than dosage compensation []. In yeast, the homologue of DPY-30, Saf19p, functions as part of the Set1 complex that is necessary for the methylation of histone H3 at lysine residue 4; Set1 is a key part of epigenetic developmental control []. There is also a human homologue of Dpy-30 []. This Dpy-30 region may be a dimerisation motif analogous that found in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator, type II PKA, R subunit IPR003117 from INTERPRO.; PDB: 3G36_D.
>pdb|2EZW|A Chain A, Solution Structure Of The Docking And Dimerization Domain Of The Type I Alpha Regulatory Subunit Of Protein Kinase A (Rialpha DD) Length = 50
