Score = 89.7 bits (221), Expect = 4e-18, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 43/91 (47%), Positives = 54/91 (59%), Gaps = 10/91 (10%)
Query: 18 LDNGVALTPPMGWLAWERFRCNTDCKNDPENCISERLFRTMADLVVSEGYAAVGYEYINI 77
L NG+ LTPPMGW +W FRCN D E+L R AD +VS+G AA+GY+YIN+
Sbjct: 16 LANGLGLTPPMGWNSWNHFRCNLD----------EKLIRETADAMVSKGLAALGYKYINL 65
Query: 78 DDCWLDKTRSFNGRLQADAKRFPRGIADLSN 108
DDCW + R G L FP GI L++
Sbjct: 66 DDCWAELNRDSQGNLVPKGSTFPSGIKALAD 96
Preferentially cleaves alpha-1,3 and alpha-1,4 glycoside linkages. Involved in the hydrolysis of the galactomannan, it splits alpha-linked galactose moieties. It is particularly suitable for the hydrolysis of guar gum to a gum with improved gelling properties. Can cleave terminal alpha-1,3-linked galactose residues responsible for blood group B specificity from the surface of erythrocytes thereby converting these cells serologically to group O.
Coffea arabica (taxid: 13443)
EC: 3
EC: .
EC: 2
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: .
EC: 2
EC: 2
>sp|B3PGJ1|AGAL_CELJU Alpha-galactosidase A OS=Cellvibrio japonicus (strain Ueda107) GN=agaA PE=1 SV=1
Score = 84.0 bits (206), Expect = 3e-16, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 47/106 (44%), Positives = 61/106 (57%), Gaps = 13/106 (12%)
Query: 5 GLLVASLVAVSKALDN--GVALTPPMGWLAWERFRCNTDCKNDPENCISERLFRTMADLV 62
GL+ A LV+V + +A TP MGW +W F CN D E++ R MAD +
Sbjct: 10 GLVSALLVSVQASAQKFEQLAKTPQMGWNSWNTFGCNVD----------EKMIRAMADAM 59
Query: 63 VSEGYAAVGYEYINIDDCWLDKTRSFNGRLQADAKRFPRGIADLSN 108
V+ G A GYEYINIDDCW + R NG +QAD K FP G+ L++
Sbjct: 60 VTSGMKAAGYEYINIDDCWHGE-RDKNGFIQADKKHFPSGMKALAD 104
Hydrolyzes galactomannan found in plant cell wall, by cleaving alpha-1,6-D-galactose side-chains from the mannan backbone. Appears to act in synergy with mannanase (ManA) to elicit hydrolysis of galactomannan. Has greater activity against galactomannans with decreased degree of polymerisation values. To a lesser extent, is also able to degrade other galactosides containing alpha-1,6-linked D-galactose, such as melibiose and stachyose.
Score = 81.3 bits (199), Expect = 2e-15, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 38/90 (42%), Positives = 53/90 (58%), Gaps = 10/90 (11%)
Query: 19 DNGVALTPPMGWLAWERFRCNTDCKNDPENCISERLFRTMADLVVSEGYAAVGYEYINID 78
+NG+ TPPMGW +W F C+ I+E + R AD +VS G AA+GY+YIN+D
Sbjct: 49 ENGLGQTPPMGWNSWNHFGCD----------INENVVRETADAMVSTGLAALGYQYINLD 98
Query: 79 DCWLDKTRSFNGRLQADAKRFPRGIADLSN 108
DCW + R G + +A FP GI L++
Sbjct: 99 DCWAELNRDSEGNMVPNAAAFPSGIKALAD 128
Involved in the hydrolysis of the galactomannan, it splits alpha-linked galactose moieties. It is particularly suitable for the hydrolysis of guar gum to a gum with improved gelling properties. Preferentially cleaves alpha-1,6 glycoside linkages.
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (taxid: 3832)
EC: 3
EC: .
EC: 2
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: .
EC: 2
EC: 2
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
>gi|91080949|ref|XP_974398.1| PREDICTED: similar to alpha-galactosidase/alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase [Tribolium castaneum] gi|270005370|gb|EFA01818.1| hypothetical protein TcasGA2_TC007420 [Tribolium castaneum]
2.1. from EC are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycosyl hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of 85 different families [, ]. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. Glycosyl hydrolase family 27, family 31 and family 36 alpha-galactosidases form the glycosyl hydrolase clan GH-D (acc_GH from CAZY), a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism and structural topology. Alpha-galactosidase (3.2.1.22 from EC) (melibiase) [] catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Fabry's disease (X-linked sphingolipidosis). Alpha-galactosidase is present in a variety of organisms. There is a considerable degree of similarity in the sequence of alpha-galactosidase from various eukaryotic species. Escherichia coli alpha-galactosidase (gene melA), which requires NAD and magnesium as cofactors, is not structurally related to the eukaryotic enzymes; by contrast, an Escherichia coli plasmid encoded alpha-galactosidase (gene rafA P16551 from SWISSPROT) [] contains a region of about 50 amino acids which is similar to a domain of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases. Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (3.2.1.49 from EC) [] catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminides. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Schindler and Kanzaki diseases. The sequence of this enzyme is highly related to that of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases.; GO: 0004553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds, 0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; PDB: 1KTC_A 1KTB_A 1UAS_A 3H55_A 3H53_A 3IGU_B 3H54_A 3LRM_A 3LRL_A 3LRK_A ....
>COG3345 GalA Alpha-galactosidase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]
>cd06592 GH31_glucosidase_KIAA1161 KIAA1161 is an uncharacterized Homo sapiens protein with a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain that is homologous to the Escherichia coli YihQ glucosidase
Orthologs of KIA1161 are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In bacteria, YihQ (along with YihO) is important for bacterial O-antigen capsule assembly and translocation. Enzymes of the GH31 family possess a wide range of different hydrolytic activities including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
>PF05691 Raffinose_syn: Raffinose synthase or seed imbibition protein Sip1; InterPro: IPR008811 This family consists of several raffinose synthase proteins, also known as seed imbibition (Sip1) proteins
Raffinose (O-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->6)- O-alpha- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)- O-beta- D-fructofuranoside) is a widespread oligosaccharide in plant seeds and other tissues. Raffinose synthase (2.4.1.82 from EC) is the key enzyme that channels sucrose into the raffinose oligosaccharide pathway [].
>cd06593 GH31_xylosidase_YicI YicI alpha-xylosidase is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzyme that catalyzes the release of an alpha-xylosyl residue from the non-reducing end of alpha-xyloside substrates such as alpha-xylosyl fluoride and isoprimeverose
YicI forms a homohexamer (a trimer of dimers). All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. The YicI family corresponds to subgroup 4 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
>cd06589 GH31 The enzymes of glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) occur in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea with a wide range of hydrolytic activities, including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase
All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. In most cases, the pyranose moiety recognized in subsite -1 of the substrate binding site is an alpha-D-glucose, though some GH31 family members show a preference for alpha-D-xylose. Several GH31 enzymes can accommodate both glucose and xylose and different levels of discrimination between the two have been observed. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases. In mammals, GH31 members with alpha-glucosidase activity are implicated in at least three distinct biological processes
>cd06595 GH31_xylosidase_XylS-like This family represents an uncharacterized glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzyme found in bacteria and eukaryotes that is related to the XylS xylosidase of Sulfolobus solfataricus
Alpha-xylosidases catalyze the release of an alpha-xylose residue from the non-reducing end of alpha-xyloside substrates. Enzymes of the GH31 family possess a wide range of different hydrolytic activities including alpha-glucosidase (glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase), alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase and alpha-1,4-glucan lyase. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
>cd06599 GH31_glycosidase_Aec37 Glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain of a bacterial protein family represented by Escherichia coli protein Aec37
The gene encoding Aec37 (aec-37) is located within a genomic island (AGI-3) isolated from the extraintestinal avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BEN2908. The function of Aec37 and its orthologs is unknown; however, deletion of a region of the genome that includes aec-37 affects the assimilation of seven carbohydrates, decreases growth rate of the strain in minimal medium containing galacturonate or trehalose, and attenuates the virulence of E. coli BEN2908 in chickens. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
>cd06598 GH31_transferase_CtsZ CtsZ (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Z) is a bacterial 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, first identified in Arthrobacter globiformis, that produces cyclic tetrasaccharides together with a closely related enzyme CtsY
CtsZ and CtsY both have a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) catalytic domain. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
>cd06602 GH31_MGAM_SI_GAA This family includes the following three closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes: maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), also known as acid-maltase
MGAM is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion. SI is implicated in the digestion of dietary starch and major disaccharides such as sucrose and isomaltose, while GAA degrades glycogen in the lysosome, cleaving both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. MGAM and SI are anchored to small-intestinal brush-border epithelial cells. The absence of SI from the brush border membrane or its malfunction is associated with malabsorption disorders such as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID). The domain architectures of MGAM and SI include two tandem GH31 catalytic domains, an N-terminal domain found near the membrane-bound end, and a C-terminal luminal domain. Both of
>cd06601 GH31_lyase_GLase GLases (alpha-1,4-glucan lyases) are glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes that degrade alpha-1,4-glucans and maltooligosaccharides via a nonhydrolytic pathway to yield 1,5-D-anhydrofructose from the nonreducing end
GLases cleave the bond between C1 and O1 of the nonreducing sugar residue of alpha-glucans to generate a monosaccharide product with a double bond between C1 and C2. This family corresponds to subgroup 2 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
>cd06603 GH31_GANC_GANAB_alpha This family includes the closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) isozymes, neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) and the alpha subunit of heterodimeric neutral alpha-glucosidase AB (GANAB)
Initially distinguished on the basis of differences in electrophoretic mobility in starch gel, GANC and GANAB have been shown to have other differences, including those of substrate specificity. GANC and GANAB are key enzymes in glycogen metabolism that hydrolyze terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues from glycogen in the endoplasmic reticulum. The GANC/GANAB family includes the alpha-glucosidase II (ModA) from Dictyostelium discoideum as well as the alpha-glucosidase II (GLS2, or ROT2 - Reversal of TOR2 lethality protein 2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
>cd06591 GH31_xylosidase_XylS XylS is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) alpha-xylosidase found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, that catalyzes the release of alpha-xylose from the non-reducing terminal side of the alpha-xyloside substrate
XylS has been characterized in Sulfolobus solfataricus where it hydrolyzes isoprimeverose, the p-nitrophenyl-beta derivative of isoprimeverose, and xyloglucan oligosaccharides, and has transxylosidic activity. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein. The XylS family corresponds to subgroup 3 in the Ernst et al classification of GH31 enzymes.
>cd06604 GH31_glucosidase_II_MalA Alpha-glucosidase II (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) is a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzyme, found in bacteria and plants, which has exo-alpha-1,4-glucosidase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase activities
Alpha-glucosidase II has been characterized in Bacillus thermoamyloliquefaciens where it forms a homohexamer. This family also includes the MalA alpha-glucosidase from Sulfolobus sulfataricus and the AglA alpha-glucosidase from Picrophilus torridus. MalA is part of the carbohydrate-metabolizing machinery that allows this organism to utilize carbohydrates, such as maltose, as the sole carbon and energy source.
>cd06600 GH31_MGAM-like This family includes the following closely related glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) enzymes: maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC), the alpha subunit of neutral alpha-glucosidase AB (GANAB), and alpha-glucosidase II
MGAM is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion. SI is implicated in the digestion of dietary starch and major disaccharides such as sucrose and isomaltose, while GAA degrades glycogen in the lysosome, cleaving both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. MGAM and SI are anchored to small-intestinal brush-border epithelial cells. The absence of SI from the brush border membrane or its malfunction is associated with malabsorption disorders such as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID). The domain architectures of MGAM and SI include two tandem GH31 catalytic domains, an N-terminal do
2.1. from EC are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycosyl hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of 85 different families [, ]. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. Glycoside hydrolase family 31 GH31 from CAZY comprises enzymes with several known activities; alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.20 from EC), alpha-galactosidase (3.2.1.22 from EC); glucoamylase (3.2.1.3 from EC), sucrase-isomaltase (3.2.1.48 from EC); isomaltase (3.2.1.10 from EC); alpha-xylosidase (3.2.1 from EC); alpha-glucan lyase (4.2.2.13 from EC). Glycoside hydrolase family 31 groups a number of glycosyl hydrolases on the basis of sequence similarities [, , ] An aspartic acid has been implicated [] in the catalytic activity of sucrase, isomaltase, and lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.; GO: 0004553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds, 0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; PDB: 3L4U_A 3L4X_A 3L4W_A 3L4V_A 3CTT_A 2QMJ_A 2QLY_A 3L4Z_A 3L4Y_A 3L4T_A ....
>cd06594 GH31_glucosidase_YihQ YihQ is a bacterial alpha-glucosidase with a conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) domain that catalyzes the release of an alpha-glucosyl residue from the non-reducing end of alpha-glucoside substrates such as alpha-glucosyl fluoride
Orthologs of YihQ that have not yet been functionally characterized are present in plants and fungi. YihQ has sequence similarity to other GH31 enzymes such as CtsZ, a 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase from Bacillus globisporus, and YicI, an alpha-xylosidase from Echerichia coli. In bacteria, YihQ (along with YihO) is important for bacterial O-antigen capsule assembly and translocation.
>cd06597 GH31_transferase_CtsY CtsY (cyclic tetrasaccharide-synthesizing enzyme Y) is a bacterial 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase, first identified in Arthrobacter globiformis, that produces cyclic tetrasaccharides together with a closely related enzyme CtsZ
CtsY and CtsZ both have a glycosyl hydrolase family 31 (GH31) catalytic domain. All GH31 enzymes cleave a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that varies considerably in size, depending on the enzyme, and may be either a starch or a glycoprotein.
2.1. from EC are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycosyl hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of 85 different families [, ]. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. This is the 97th family of glycosidases, in this case bacterial. The central part of the GH97 family protein sequences represents a typical and complete (beta/alpha)8-barrel or catalytic TIM-barrel type domain. The N- and C-terminal parts of the sequences, mainly consisting of beta-strands, most probably form two additional non-catalytic domains with as yet unknown functions. The non-catalytic domains of glycosidases from the alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase superfamilies are also predominantly composed of beta-strands, and at least some of these domains are involved in oligomerisation and carbohydrate binding. In all known glycosidases with the (beta-alpha)8-barrel fold, the amino acid residues at the active site are located on the C-termini of the beta-strands []. ; PDB: 2JKP_A 2JKE_A 2D73_B 2ZQ0_B 2JKA_A 3A24_A.
