NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. Rattus norvegicus (taxid: 10116)
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism.
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May also play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism.
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
Score = 56.2 bits (134), Expect = 5e-08, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 45/64 (70%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MDLLENIAQELEFDFHLYIVADGLYGTKVRENQKDK--WNGVVGDLVTGTAHMSFAALSV 58
+DLL +A+ + F + +++VADG +GT+ R N +K WNG++G+L++G A M A L++
Sbjct: 460 IDLLIKLARTMNFTYEVHLVADGKFGTQERVNNSNKKEWNGMMGELLSGQADMIVAPLTI 519
Query: 59 SSTR 62
++ R
Sbjct: 520 NNER 523
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors.
Score = 56.2 bits (134), Expect = 5e-08, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 45/64 (70%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MDLLENIAQELEFDFHLYIVADGLYGTKVRENQKDK--WNGVVGDLVTGTAHMSFAALSV 58
+DLL +A+ + F + +++VADG +GT+ R N +K WNG++G+L++G A M A L++
Sbjct: 460 IDLLIKLARTMNFTYEVHLVADGKFGTQERVNNSNKKEWNGMMGELLSGQADMIVAPLTI 519
Query: 59 SSTR 62
++ R
Sbjct: 520 NNER 523
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors.
Score = 56.2 bits (134), Expect = 5e-08, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 45/64 (70%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MDLLENIAQELEFDFHLYIVADGLYGTKVRENQKDK--WNGVVGDLVTGTAHMSFAALSV 58
+DLL +A+ + F + +++VADG +GT+ R N +K WNG++G+L++G A M A L++
Sbjct: 481 IDLLIKLARTMNFTYEVHLVADGKFGTQERVNNSNKKEWNGMMGELLSGQADMIVAPLTI 540
Query: 59 SSTR 62
++ R
Sbjct: 541 NNER 544
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors.
Score = 56.2 bits (134), Expect = 6e-08, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 25/64 (39%), Positives = 45/64 (70%), Gaps = 2/64 (3%)
Query: 1 MDLLENIAQELEFDFHLYIVADGLYGTKVRENQKDK--WNGVVGDLVTGTAHMSFAALSV 58
+DLL +A+ + F + +++VADG +GT+ R N +K WNG++G+L++G A M A L++
Sbjct: 460 VDLLIKLARTMNFTYEVHLVADGKFGTQERVNNSNKKEWNGMMGELLSGQADMIVAPLTI 519
Query: 59 SSTR 62
++ R
Sbjct: 520 NNER 523
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Modulated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors.
Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists.
Lithobates berlandieri (taxid: 30360)
Prediction of Gene Ontology (GO) Terms
Close Homologs with Gene Ontology terms Detected by BLAST
This region, sometimes called the S1 domain, is the luminal domain just upstream of the first, M1, transmembrane region of transmembrane ion-channel proteins, and it binds L-glutamate and glycine. It is found in association with Lig_chan, pfam00060. Length = 65
>gnl|CDD|214911 smart00918, Lig_chan-Glu_bd, Ligated ion channel L-glutamate- and glycine-binding site
This region, sometimes called the S1 domain, is the luminal domain just upstream of the first, M1, transmembrane region of transmembrane ion-channel proteins, and it binds L-glutamate and glycine. It is found in association with Lig_chan. Length = 62
>PF10613 Lig_chan-Glu_bd: Ligated ion channel L-glutamate- and glycine-binding site; InterPro: IPR019594 This entry, sometimes called the S1 domain, is the luminal domain just upstream of the first, M1, transmembrane region of transmembrane ion-channel proteins, and binds L-glutamate and glycine [, ]
It is found in association with IPR001320 from INTERPRO. ; GO: 0004970 ionotropic glutamate receptor activity, 0005234 extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity, 0016020 membrane; PDB: 4E0W_A 3S9E_A 3QXM_B 2F34_A 3C34_B 3S2V_A 3GBB_B 2F36_D 4E0X_A 1TXF_A ....
This predicted periplasmic protein, called MoxJ or MxaJ, is required for methanol oxidation in Methylobacterium extorquens. Two differing lines of evidence suggest two different roles. Forming one view, homology suggests it is the substrate-binding protein of an ABC transporter associated with methanol oxidation. The gene, furthermore, is found regular in genomes with, and only two or three genes away from, a corresponding permease and ATP-binding cassette gene pair. The other view is that this protein is an accessory factor or additional subunit of methanol dehydrogenase itself. Mutational studies show a dependence on this protein for expression of the PQQ-dependent, two-subunit methanol dehydrogenase (MxaF and MxaI) in Methylobacterium extorquens, as if it is a chaperone for enzyme assembly or a third subunit. A homologous N-terminal sequence was found in Paracoccus denitrificans as a 32Kd third subunit. This protein may, in
>PF00497 SBP_bac_3: Bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins, family 3; InterPro: IPR001638 Bacterial high affinity transport systems are involved in active transport of solutes across the cytoplasmic membrane
The protein components of these traffic systems include one or two transmembrane protein components, one or two membrane-associated ATP-binding proteins (ABC transporters; see IPR003439 from INTERPRO) and a high affinity periplasmic solute-binding protein. The latter are thought to bind the substrate in the vicinity of the inner membrane, and to transfer it to a complex of inner membrane proteins for concentration into the cytoplasm. In Gram-positive bacteria which are surrounded by a single membrane and have therefore no periplasmic region, the equivalent proteins are bound to the membrane via an N-terminal lipid anchor. These homologue proteins do not play an integral role in the transport process per se, but probably serve as receptors to trigger or initiate translocation of the solute throught the membrane by binding to external sites of the integral membrane proteins of the efflux system. In addition, at least some solute-binding proteins function in the initiation of sensory transduction pathways. On the basis of sequence similarities, the vast majority of these solute-binding proteins can be grouped [] into eight families or clusters, which generally correlate with the nature of the solute bound. Family 3 groups together specific amino acids and opine-binding periplasmic proteins and a periplasmic homologue with catalytic activity.; GO: 0005215 transporter activity, 0006810 transport, 0030288 outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space; PDB: 3N26_A 3QAX_A 3I6V_A 2VHA_B 2IA4_B 2Q89_A 2Q88_A 2YJP_C 1II5_A 1IIW_A ....
>PRK15437 histidine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein HisJ; Provisional
Members of this family are the extracellular solute-binding proteins of ABC transporters that closely resemble amino acid transporters. The member from Sinorhizobium meliloti is involved in ectoine uptake, both for osmoprotection and for catabolism. All other members of the seed alignment are found associated with ectoine catabolic genes.
>COG0834 HisJ ABC-type amino acid transport/signal transduction systems, periplasmic component/domain [Amino acid transport and metabolism / Signal transduction mechanisms]
Members of this family are found in several Proteobacteria, including Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 (three members), Aeromonas hydrophila, and Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. The function is unknown.
>cd00134 PBPb Bacterial periplasmic transport systems use membrane-bound complexes and substrate-bound, membrane-associated, periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) to transport a wide variety of substrates, such as, amino acids, peptides, sugars, vitamins and inorganic ions
PBPs have two cell-membrane translocation functions: bind substrate, and interact with the membrane bound complex. A diverse group of periplasmic transport receptors for lysine/arginine/ornithine (LAO), glutamine, histidine, sulfate, phosphate, molybdate, and methanol are included in the PBPb CD.
>TIGR03871 ABC_peri_MoxJ_2 quinoprotein dehydrogenase-associated probable ABC transporter substrate-binding protein
This protein family, a sister family to TIGR03870, is found more broadly. It occurs a range of PQQ-biosynthesizing species, not just in known methanotrophs. Interpretation of evidence by homology and by direct experimental work suggest two different roles. By homology, this family appears to be the periplasmic substrate-binding protein of an ABC transport family. However, mutational studies and direct characterization for some sequences related to this family suggests this family may act as a maturation chaperone or additional subunit of a methanol dehydrogenase-like enzyme.
>PRK09959 hybrid sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with EvgA; Provisional
A subset of this model in which nearly all members exhibit genomic context with elements of phosphonate metabolism, particularly the C-P lyase system has been built (TIGR03431) as an equivalog. Nevertheless, there are members of this subfamily (TIGR01098) which show up sporadically on a phylogenetic tree that also show phosphonate context and are most likely competent to transport phosphonates.
>COG4623 Predicted soluble lytic transglycosylase fused to an ABC-type amino acid-binding protein [Cell envelope biogenesis, outer membrane]
Note that this model does not identify all phnD-subfamily genes with evident phosphonate context, but all sequences above the trusted context may be inferred to bind phosphonate compounds even in the absence of such context. Furthermore, there is ample evidence to suggest that many other members of the TIGR01098 subfamily have a different primary function.
>PRK00489 hisG ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Reviewed
This model identifies a cluster of ABC transporter periplasmic substrate binding proteins, apparently specific for taurine. Transport systems for taurine (NH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H), sulfonates, and sulfate esters import sulfur when sulfate levels are low. The most closely related proteins outside this family are putative aliphatic sulfonate binding proteins (TIGR01728).
>COG3221 PhnD ABC-type phosphate/phosphonate transport system, periplasmic component [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]
>cd05466 PBP2_LTTR_substrate The substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), a member of the type 2 periplasmic binding fold protein superfamily
This model and hierarchy represent the the substrate-binding domain of the LysR-type transcriptional regulators that form the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA bin
>cd08430 PBP2_IlvY The C-terminal substrate binding of LysR-type transcriptional regulator IlvY, which activates the expression of ilvC gene that encoding acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase for the biosynthesis of branched amino acids; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
In Escherichia coli, IlvY is required for the regulation of ilvC gene expression that encodes acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (AHIR), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, valine, and leucine). The ilvGMEDA operon genes encode remaining enzyme activities required for the biosynthesis of these amino acids. Activation of ilvC transcription by IlvY requires the additional binding of a co-inducer molecule (either alpha-acetolactate or alpha-acetohydoxybutyrate, the substrates for AHIR) to a preformed complex of IlvY protein-DNA. Like many other LysR-family members, IlvY negatively auto-regulates the transcription of its own divergently transcribed ilvY gene in an inducer-i
>PF02879 PGM_PMM_II: Phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase, alpha/beta/alpha domain II; InterPro: IPR005845 The alpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily is composed of four related enzymes, each of which catalyses a phosphoryl transfer on their sugar substrates: phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase (PGM/PMM), phosphoglucosamine mutase (PNGM), and phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) []
PGM (5.4.2.2 from EC) converts D-glucose 1-phosphate into D-glucose 6-phosphate, and participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose []. PGM/PMM (5.4.2.2 from EC; 5.4.2.8 from EC) are primarily bacterial enzymes that use either glucose or mannose as substrate, participating in the biosynthesis of a variety of carbohydrates such as lipopolysaccharides and alginate [, ]. Both PNGM (5.4.2.3 from EC) and PAGM (5.4.2.10 from EC) are involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine [, ]. Despite differences in substrate specificity, these enzymes share a similar catalytic mechanism, converting 1-phospho-sugars to 6-phospho-sugars via a biphosphorylated 1,6-phospho-sugar. The active enzyme is phosphorylated at a conserved serine residue and binds one magnesium ion; residues around the active site serine are well conserved among family members. The reaction mechanism involves phosphoryl transfer from the phosphoserine to the substrate to create a biophosphorylated sugar, followed by a phosphoryl transfer from the substrate back to the enzyme []. The structures of PGM and PGM/PMM have been determined, and were found to be very similar in topology. These enzymes are both composed of four domains and a large central active site cleft, where each domain contains residues essential for catalysis and/or substrate recognition. Domain I contains the catalytic phosphoserine, domain II contains a metal-binding loop to coordinate the magnesium ion, domain III contains the sugar-binding loop that recognises the two different binding orientations of the 1- and 6-phospho-sugars, and domain IV contains a phosphate-binding site required for orienting the incoming phospho-sugar substrate. This entry represents domain II found in alpha-D-phosphohexomutase enzymes. This domain has a 3-layer alpha/beta/alpha topology.; GO: 0016868 intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases, 0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; PDB: 2F7L_A 3PDK_B 1KFQ_B 1KFI_A 1C47_A 1VKL_B 1LXT_A 1JDY_B 3PMG_A 1C4G_B ....
>cd08468 PBP2_Pa0477 The C-terminal substrate biniding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-like transcriptional regulator Pa0477 related to DntR, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-type transcriptional regulator Pa0477 is related to DntR, which controls genes encoding enzymes for oxidative degradation of the nitro-aromatic compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their spec
>TIGR02122 TRAP_TAXI TRAP transporter solute receptor, TAXI family
This family is one of at least three major families of extracytoplasmic solute receptor (ESR) for TRAP (Tripartite ATP-independent Periplasmic Transporter) transporters. The others are the DctP (TIGR00787) and SmoM (pfam03480) families. These transporters are secondary (driven by an ion gradient) but composed of three polypeptides, although in some species the 4-TM and 12-TM integral membrane proteins are fused. Substrates for this transporter family are not fully characterized but, besides C4 dicarboxylates, may include mannitol and other compounds.
>cd08427 PBP2_LTTR_like_2 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse functi
>PF03466 LysR_substrate: LysR substrate binding domain; InterPro: IPR005119 The structure of this domain is known and is similar to the periplasmic binding proteins []
This domain is found in members of the LysR family of prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins IPR000847 from INTERPRO which share sequence similarities over approximately 280 residues including a putative helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif at their N terminus.; PDB: 3ONM_B 3FZJ_J 3FXR_B 3N6T_A 3FXQ_A 3FXU_A 3N6U_A 2QSX_B 3HO7_B 1IZ1_B ....
>cd08446 PBP2_Chlorocatechol The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators involved in the chlorocatechol catabolism, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the substrate binding domain of LysR-type regulators CbnR, ClcR and TfdR, which are involved in the regulation of chlorocatechol breakdown. The chlorocatechol-degradative pathway is often found in bacteria that can use chlorinated aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources. CbnR is found in the 3-chlorobenzoate degradative bacterium Ralstonia eutropha NH9 and forms a tetramer. CbnR activates the expression of the cbnABCD genes, which are responsible for the degradation of chlorocatechol converted from 3-chlorobenzoate and are transcribed divergently from cbnR. In soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, the 3-chlorocatechol-degradative pathway is encoded by clcABD operon, which requires the divergently transcribed clcR for activation. TfdR is involved in the activation of tf
>cd08448 PBP2_LTTR_aromatics_like_2 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to regulators involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD represents the substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type regulator similar to CbnR which is involved in the regulation of chlorocatechol breakdown. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Ve
>cd08456 PBP2_LysR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR, transcriptional regulator for lysine biosynthesis, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR, the transcriptional activator of lysA encoding diaminopimelate decarboxylase, catalyses the decarboxylation of diaminopimelate to produce lysine. The LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational
>PF09084 NMT1: NMT1/THI5 like; InterPro: IPR015168 This entry is found in the NMT1 and THI5 proteins
These proteins are proposed to be required for the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine [, , ]. They are regulated by thiamine []. ; PDB: 2X26_A 3E4R_A 3KSJ_A 3KSX_A 3UIF_A 4DDD_A 1US4_A 1US5_A 3IX1_B 2X7P_A ....
>cd08486 PBP2_CbnR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator, CbnR, involved in the chlorocatechol catabolism, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD represents the substrate binding domain of LysR-type regulator CbnR which is involved in the regulation of chlorocatechol breakdown. The chlorocatechol-degradative pathway is often found in bacteria that can use chlorinated aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources. CbnR is found in the 3-chlorobenzoate degradative bacterium Ralstonia eutropha NH9 and forms a tetramer. CbnR activates the expression of the cbnABCD genes, which are responsible for the degradation of chlorocatechol converted from 3-chlorobenzoate and are transcribed divergently from cbnR. The structural topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccha
>cd08429 PBP2_NhaR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional activator of the nhaA gene, encoding Na+/H+ antiporter, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
NhaR is a positive regulator of the LysR family and is known to be an activator of the nhaA gene encoding a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter. In Escherichia coli, NhaA is the vital antiporter that protects against high sodium stress, and it is essential for growth in high sodium levels, while NhaB becomes essential only if NhaA is not available. The nhaA gene of nhaAR operon is induced by monovalent cations. The nhaR of the operon activates nhaAR, as well as the osmC transcription which is induced at elevated osmolarity. OsmC is transcribed from the two overlapping promoters (osmCp1 and osmP2) and that NhaR is shown to activate only the expression of osmCp1. NhaR also activates the transcription of the pgaABCD operon which is required for production of the biofilm adhesion, poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
>cd08451 PBP2_BudR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcrptional regulator BudR, which is responsible for activation of the expression of the butanediol operon genes; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD represents the substrate binding domain of BudR regulator, which is responsible for induction of the butanediol formation pathway under fermentative growth conditions. Three enzymes are involved in the production of 1 mol of 2,3 butanediol from the condensation of 2 mol of pyruvate with acetolactate and acetoin as intermediates: acetolactate synthetase, acetolactate decarboxylase, and acetoin reductase. In Klebsiella terrigena, BudR regulates the expression of the budABC operon genes, encoding these three enzymes of the butanediol pathway. In many bacterial species, the use of this pathway can prevent intracellular acidification by diverting metabolism from acid production to the formation of neutral compounds (acetoin and butanediol). This substra
>cd08466 PBP2_LeuO The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator LeuO, an activator of leucine synthesis operon, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LeuO, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, was originally identified as an activator of the leucine synthesis operon (leuABCD). Subsequently, LeuO was found to be not a specific regulator of the leu gene but a global regulator of unrelated various genes. LeuO activates bglGFB (utilization of beta-D-glucoside) and represses cadCBA (lysine decarboxylation) and dsrA (encoding a regulatory small RNA for translational control of rpoS and hns). LeuO also regulates the yjjQ-bglJ operon which coding for a LuxR-type transcription factor. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, LeuO is a positive regulator of ompS1 (encoding an outer membrane), ompS2 (encoding a pathogenicity determinant), and assT, while LeuO represses the expression of OmpX and Tpx. Both osmS1 and osmS2 influence virulence in the mouse mo
>cd08442 PBP2_YofA_SoxR_like The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators, YofA and SoxR, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
YofA is a LysR-like transcriptional regulator of cell growth in Bacillus subtillis. YofA controls cell viability and the formation of constrictions during cell division. YofaA positively regulates expression of the cell division gene ftsW, and thus is essential for cell viability during stationary-phase growth of Bacillus substilis. YofA shows significant homology to SoxR from Arthrobacter sp. TE1826. SoxR is a negative regulator for the sarcosine oxidase gene soxA. Sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine, which is involved in the metabolism of creatine and choline. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides
>PF12916 DUF3834: Protein of unknown function (DUF3834); InterPro: IPR024533 This family is likely to be related to solute-binding lipo-proteins
>cd08419 PBP2_CbbR_RubisCO_like The C-terminal substrate binding of LysR-type transcriptional regulator (CbbR) of RubisCO operon, which is involved in the carbon dioxide fixation, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
CbbR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, is required to activate expression of RubisCO, one of two unique enzymes in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle pathway. All plants, cyanobacteria, and many autotrophic bacteria use the CBB cycle to fix carbon dioxide. Thus, this cycle plays an essential role in assimilating CO2 into organic carbon on earth. The key CBB cycle enzyme is ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), which catalyzes the actual CO2 fixation reaction. The CO2 concentration affects the expression of RubisCO genes. It has also shown that NADPH enhances the DNA-binding ability of the CbbR. RubisCO is composed of eight large (CbbL) and eight small subunits (CbbS). The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to t
>cd08415 PBP2_LysR_opines_like The C-terminal substrate-domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators involved in the catabolism of opines and that of related regulators, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the C-terminal substrate-domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators, OccR and NocR, involved in the catabolism of opines and that of LysR for lysine biosynthesis which clustered together in phylogenetic trees. Opines, such as octopine and nopaline, are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumors that are produced by the parasitic bacterium Agrobacterium. There are at least 30 different opines identified so far. Opines are utilized by tumor-colonizing bacteria as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. NocR and OccR belong to the family of LysR-type transcriptional regulators that positively regulates the catabolism of nopaline and octopine, respectively. Both nopaline and octopalin are arginine derivatives. In Agrobacterium tumefa
>cd08413 PBP2_CysB_like The C-terminal substrate domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators CysB-like contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
CysB is a transcriptional activator of genes involved in sulfate and thiosulfate transport, sulfate reduction, and cysteine synthesis. In Escherichia coli, the regulation of transcription in response to sulfur source is attributed to two transcriptional regulators, CysB and Cbl. CysB, in association with Cbl, downregulates the expression of ssuEADCB operon which is required for the utilization of sulfur from aliphatic sulfonates, in the presence of cysteine. Also, Cbl and CysB together directly function as transcriptional activators of tauABCD genes, which are required for utilization of taurine as sulfur source for growth. Like many other members of the LTTR family, CysB is composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-bi
>cd08459 PBP2_DntR_NahR_LinR_like The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators that are involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene, naphthalene and gamma-hexachlorohexane; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes LysR-like bacterial transcriptional regulators, DntR, NahR, and LinR, which are involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. DntR from Burkholderia species controls genes encoding enzymes for oxidative degradation of the nitro-aromatic compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The active form of DntR is homotetrameric, consisting of a dimer of dimers. NahR is a salicylate-dependent transcription activator of the nah and sal operons for naphthalene degradation. Salicylic acid is an intermediate o
>cd08420 PBP2_CysL_like C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator CysL, which activates the transcription of the cysJI operon encoding sulfite reductase, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
CysL, also known as YwfK, is a regular of sulfur metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. Sulfur is required for the synthesis of proteins and essential cofactors in all living organism. Sulfur can be assimilated either from inorganic sources (sulfate and thiosulfate), or from organic sources (sulfate esters, sulfamates, and sulfonates). CysL activates the transcription of the cysJI operon encoding sulfite reductase, which reduces sulfite to sulfide. Both cysL mutant and cysJI mutant are unable to grow using sulfate or sulfite as the sulfur source. Like other LysR-type regulators, CysL also negatively regulates its own transcription. In Escherichia coli, three LysR-type activators are involved in the regulation of sulfur metabolism: CysB, Cbl and MetR. The topology
>cd08434 PBP2_GltC_like The substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator GltC, which activates gltA expression of glutamate synthase operon, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
GltC, a member of the LysR family of bacterial transcriptional factors, activates the expression of gltA gene of glutamate synthase operon and is essential for cell growth in the absence of glutamate. Glutamate synthase is a heterodimeric protein that encoded by gltA and gltB, whose expression is subject to nutritional regulation. GltC also negatively auto-regulates its own expression. This substrate-binding domain has strong homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity,
>cd08437 PBP2_MleR The substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator MleR which required for malolactic fermentation, contains type 2 periplasmic binidning fold
MleR, a transcription activator of malolactic fermentation system, is found in gram-positive bacteria and belongs to the lysR family of bacterial transcriptional regulators. The mleR gene is required for the expression and induction of malolactic fermentation. This substrate binding domain has significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate membrane transport complex comprised of two integral membrane domains and two cytoplasmically located ATPase dom
>cd08465 PBP2_ToxR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator ToxR regulates the expression of the toxoflavin biosynthesis genes; contains the type 2 periplasmic bindinig fold
In soil bacterium Burkholderia glumae, ToxR regulates the toxABCDE and toxFGHI operons in the presence of toxoflavin as a coinducer. Additionally, the expression of both operons requires a transcriptional activator, ToxJ, whose expression is regulated by the TofI or TofR quorum-sensing system. The biosynthesis of toxoflavin is suggested to be synthesized in a pathway common to the synthesis of riboflavin. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After
>cd08439 PBP2_LrhA_like The C-terminal substrate domain of LysR-like regulator LrhA (LysR homologue A) and that of closely related homologs, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD represents the LrhA subfamily of LysR-like bacterial transcriptional regulators, including LrhA, HexA, PecT, and DgdR. LrhA is involved in control of the transcription of flagellar, motility, and chemotaxis genes by regulating the synthesis and concentration of FlhD(2)C(2), the master regulator for the expression of flagellar and chemotaxis genes. The LrhA protein has strong homology to HexA and PecT from plant pathogenic bacteria, in which HexA and PecT act as repressors of motility and of virulence factors, such as exoenzymes required for lytic reactions. DgdR also shares similar characteristics to those of LrhA, HexA and PecT. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a vari
>cd08418 PBP2_TdcA The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator TdcA, which is involved in the degradation of L-serine and L-threonine, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
TdcA, a member of the LysR family, activates the expression of the anaerobically-regulated tdcABCDEFG operon which is involved in the degradation of L-serine and L-threonine to acetate and propionate, respectively. The tdc operon is comprised of one regulatory gene tdcA and six structural genes, tdcB to tdcG. The expression of the tdc operon is affected by several transcription factors including the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), integration host factor (IHF), histone-like protein (HU), and the operon specific regulators TdcA and TcdR. TcdR is divergently transcribed from the operon and encodes a small protein that is required for efficient expression of the Escherichia coli tdc operon. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding
>cd08421 PBP2_LTTR_like_1 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse functi
>cd08440 PBP2_LTTR_like_4 TThe C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse funct
>cd08450 PBP2_HcaR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator HcaR in involved in 3-phenylpropionic acid catabolism, contains the type2 periplasmic binding fold
HcaR, a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, controls the expression of the hcA1, A2, B, C, and D operon, encoding for the 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex and 3-phenylpropionate-2',3'-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, that oxidizes 3-phenylpropionate to 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl) propionate. Dioxygenases play an important role in protecting the cell against the toxic effects of dioxygen. The expression of hcaR is negatively auto-regulated, as for other members of the LysR family, and is strongly repressed in the presence of glucose. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, an
>cd08411 PBP2_OxyR The C-terminal substrate-binding domain of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator OxyR, a member of the type 2 periplasmic binding fold protein superfamily
OxyR senses hydrogen peroxide and is activated through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. The OxyR activation induces the transcription of genes necessary for the bacterial defense against oxidative stress. The OxyR of LysR-type transcriptional regulator family is composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repre
>cd08453 PBP2_IlvR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator, IlvR, involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, leucine and valine; contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
The IlvR is an activator of the upstream and divergently transcribed ilvD gene, which encodes dihydroxy acid dehydratase that participates in isoleucine, leucine, and valine biosynthesis. As in the case of other members of the LysR family, the expression of ilvR gene is repressed in the presence of its own gene product. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate membrane transport
>cd03770 SR_TndX_transposase Serine Recombinase (SR) family, TndX-like transposase subfamily, catalytic domain; composed of large serine recombinases similar to Clostridium TndX and TnpX transposases
Serine recombinases catalyze site-specific recombination of DNA molecules by a concerted, four-strand cleavage and rejoining mechanism which involves a transient phosphoserine linkage between DNA and the enzyme. They are functionally versatile and include resolvases, invertases, integrases, and transposases. TndX mediates the excision and circularization of the conjugative transposon Tn5397 from Clostridium difficile. TnpX is responsible for the movement of the nonconjugative chloramphenicol resistance elements of the Tn4451/3 family. Mobile genetic elements such as transposons are important vehicles for the transmission of virulence and antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms.
>cd08431 PBP2_HupR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator, HupR, which regulates expression of the heme uptake receptor HupA; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
HupR, a member of the LysR family, activates hupA transcription under low-iron conditions in the presence of hemin. The expression of many iron-uptake genes, such as hupA, is regulated at the transcriptional level by iron and an iron-binding repressor protein called Fur (ferric uptake regulation). Under iron-abundant conditions with heme, the active Fur repressor protein represses transcription of the iron-uptake gene hupA, and prevents transcriptional activation via HupR. Under low-iron conditions with heme, the Fur repressor is inactive and transcription of the hupA is allowed. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, p
>cd08425 PBP2_CynR The C-terminal substrate-binding domain of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator CynR, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
CynR is a LysR-like transcriptional regulator of the cyn operon, which encodes genes that allow cyanate to be used as a sole source of nitrogen. The operon includes three genes in the following order: cynT (cyanate permease), cynS (cyanase), and cynX (a protein of unknown function). CynR negatively regulates its own expression independently of cyanate. CynR binds to DNA and induces bending of DNA in the presence or absence of cyanate, but the amount of bending is decreased by cyanate. The CynR of LysR-type transcriptional regulator family is composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding
>cd08416 PBP2_MdcR The C-terminal substrate-binding domian of LysR-type transcriptional regulator MdcR, which involved in the malonate catabolism contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This family includes the C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) MdcR that controls the expression of the malonate decarboxylase (mdc) genes. Like other members of the LTTRs, MdcR is a positive regulatory protein for its target promoter and composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2). The PBP2 are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these dom
>cd08467 PBP2_SyrM The C-terminal substrate binding of LysR-type symbiotic regulator SyrM, which activates expression of nodulation gene NodD3, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
Rhizobium is a nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the roots of leguminous plants, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen to the soil. Most Rhizobium species possess multiple nodulation (nod) genes for the development of nodules. For example, Rhizobium meliloti possesses three copies of nodD genes. NodD1 and NodD2 activate nod operons when Rhizobium is exposed to inducers synthesized by the host plant, while NodD3 acts independent of plant inducers and requires the symbiotic regulator SyrM for nod gene expression. SyrM activates the expression of the regulatory nodulation gene nodD3. In turn, NodD3 activates expression of syrM. In addition, SyrM is involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are
>cd08438 PBP2_CidR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-like transcriptional regulator CidR, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the substrate binding domain of CidR which positively up-regulates the expression of cidABC operon in the presence of acetic acid produced by the metabolism of excess glucose. The CidR affects the control of murein hydrolase activity by enhancing cidABC expression in the presence of acetic acid. Thus, up-regulation of cidABC expression results in increased murein hydrolase activity. This substrate binding domain has significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate
>cd08449 PBP2_XapR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator XapR involved in xanthosine catabolism, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
In Escherichia coli, XapR is a positive regulator for the expression of xapA gene, encoding xanthosine phosphorylase, and xapB gene, encoding a polypeptide similar to the nucleotide transport protein NupG. As an operon, the expression of both xapA and xapB is fully dependent on the presence of both XapR and the inducer xanthosine. Expression of the xapR is constitutive but not auto-regulated, unlike many other LysR family proteins. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their
>cd08452 PBP2_AlsR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type trnascriptional regulator AlsR, which regulates acetoin formation under stationary phase growth conditions; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
AlsR is responsible for activating the expression of the acetoin operon (alsSD) in response to inducing signals such as glucose and acetate. Like many other LysR family proteins, AlsR is transcribed divergently from the alsSD operon. The alsS gene encodes acetolactate synthase, an enzyme involved in the production of acetoin in cells of stationary-phase. AlsS catalyzes the conversion of two pyruvate molecules to acetolactate and carbon dioxide. Acetolactate is then converted to acetoin at low pH by acetolactate decarboxylase which encoded by the alsD gene. Acetoin is an important physiological metabolite excreted by many microorganisms grown on glucose or other fermentable carbon sources. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 perip
>cd08444 PBP2_Cbl The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator Cbl, which is required for expression of sulfate starvation-inducible (ssi) genes, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
Cbl is a member of the LysR transcriptional regulators that comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Cbl shows high sequence similarity to CysB, the LysR-type transcriptional activator of genes involved in sulfate and thiosulfate transport, sulfate reduction, and cysteine synthesis. In Escherichia coli, the function of Cbl is required for expression of sulfate starvation-inducible (ssi) genes, coupled with the biosynthesis of cysteine from the organic sulfur sources (sulfonates). The ssi genes include the ssuEADCB and tauABCD operons encoding uptake systems for organosulfur compounds, aliphatic sulfonates, and taurine. The genes in these operons encode an ABC-type transport system required for uptake of aliphatic sulfonates and a desulfonati
>cd08447 PBP2_LTTR_aromatics_like_1 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to regulators involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD represents the substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type regulator similar to CbnR which is involved in the regulation of chlorocatechol breakdown. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Ve
>cd08436 PBP2_LTTR_like_3 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse functi
>cd08412 PBP2_PAO1_like The C-terminal substrate-binding domain of putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator PAO1-like, a member of the type 2 periplasmic binding fold protein superfamily
This family includes the C-terminal substrate domain of a putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1and its closely related homologs. The LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controll
>cd08417 PBP2_Nitroaromatics_like The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators that involved in the catabolism of nitroaromatic/naphthalene compounds and that of related regulators; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene and similar compounds, such as DntR, NahR, and LinR. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. Also included are related LysR-type regulators clustered together in phylogenetic trees, including NodD, ToxR, LeuO, SyrM, TdcA, and PnbR. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrate
>cd08441 PBP2_MetR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator metR, which regulates the expression of methionine biosynthetic genes, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
MetR, a member of the LysR family, is a positive regulator for the metA, metE, metF, and metH genes. The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine is the universal initiator of protein synthesis in all known organisms and its derivative S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) are involved in various cellular processes. SAM plays a central role as methyl donor in methylation reactions, which are essential for the biosynthesis of phospholipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. The interspecies signaling molecule AI-2 is involved in cell-cell communication process (quorum sensing) and gene regulation in bacteria. Although methionine biosynthetic enzymes and metabolic pathways are well conserved in bacteria, the regulation of methionine biosynthesis involves various regulatory mecha
>cd08463 PBP2_DntR_like_4 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, which is involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, NahR, and LinR, which are involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytra
>TIGR01728 SsuA_fam ABC transporter, substrate-binding protein, aliphatic sulfonates family
Members of this family are substrate-binding periplasmic proteins of ABC transporters. This subfamily includes SsuA, a member of a transporter operon needed to obtain sulfur from aliphatic sulfonates. Related proteins outside the scope of this model include taurine (NH2-CH2-CH2-S03H) binding proteins, the probable sulfate ester binding protein AtsR, and the probable aromatic sulfonate binding protein AsfC. All these families make sulfur available when Cys and sulfate levels are low. Please note that phylogenetic analysis by neighbor-joining suggests that a number of sequences belonging to this family have been excluded because of scoring lower than taurine-binding proteins.
>PF03401 TctC: Tripartite tricarboxylate transporter family receptor; InterPro: IPR005064 Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of human whooping cough (pertussis), is an obligate human pathogen with diverse high-affinity transport systems for the assimilation of iron, a biometal that is essential for growth []
Periplasmic binding proteins of a new family, particularly well represented in this organism (and more generally in beta-proteobacteria), have been called Bug receptors []. They adopt a characteristic Venus flytrap fold with two globular domains bisected by a ligand-binding cleft. The family is specific for carboxylated solutes, with a characteristic mode of binding involving two highly conserved beta strand-beta turn-alpha helix motifs originating from each domain. These two motifs form hydrogen bonds with a carboxylate group of the ligand, both directly and via conserved water molecules, and have thus been termed the carboxylate pincers. Domain 1 recognises the ligand and the carboxylate group serves as an initial anchoring point. Domain 2 discriminates between productively and non-productively bound ligands as proper interactions with this domain is needed for the of the closed conformation []. BugE has a glutamate bound ligand. No charged residues are involved in glutamate binding by BugE, unlike what has been described for all glutamate receptors reported so far. The Bug architecture is highly conserved despite limited sequence identity [].; GO: 0030288 outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space; PDB: 2QPQ_C 2DVZ_A 2F5X_A.
>cd08423 PBP2_LTTR_like_6 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse functi
>cd08461 PBP2_DntR_like_3 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, which is involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, NahR, and LinR, which are involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytra
>cd08445 PBP2_BenM_CatM_CatR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators involved in benzoate catabolism; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the C-terminal of LysR-type transcription regulators, BenM, CatM, and CatR, which are involved in the benzoate catabolism. The BenM and CatM are paralogs with overlapping functions. BenM responds synergistically to two effectors, benzoate and cis,cis-muconate, to activate expression of the benABCDE operon which is involved in benzoate catabolism, while CatM responses only to muconate. BenM and CatM share high protein sequence identity and bind to the operator-promoter regions that have similar DNA sequences. In Pseudomonas species, phenolic compounds are converted by different enzymes to central intermediates, such as protocatechuate and catechols. Generally, unsubstituted compounds, such as benzoate, are metabolized by an ortho-cleavage pathway. The catBCA operon encodes three enzymes
>cd08460 PBP2_DntR_like_1 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, which is involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, NahR, and LinR, which are involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytra
>cd08464 PBP2_DntR_like_2 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, which is involved in the catabolism of dinitrotoluene; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator similar to DntR, NahR, and LinR, which are involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds. The transcription of the genes encoding enzymes involved in such degradation is regulated and expression of these enzymes is enhanced by inducers, which are either an intermediate in the metabolic pathway or compounds to be degraded. This substrate-binding domain shows significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytra
>cd08414 PBP2_LTTR_aromatics_like The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulators involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds and that of other related regulators, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
This CD includes the C-terminal substrate binding domain of LTTRs involved in degradation of aromatic compounds, such as CbnR, BenM, CatM, ClcR and TfdR, as well as that of other transcriptional regulators clustered together in phylogenetic trees, including XapR, HcaR, MprR, IlvR, BudR, AlsR, LysR, and OccR. The structural topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they ca
>cd08469 PBP2_PnbR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator PnbR, which is involved in regulating the pnb genes encoding enzymes for 4-nitrobenzoate catabolism, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
PnbR is the regulator of one or both of the two pnb genes that encoding enzymes for 4-nitrobenzoate catabolism. In Pseudomonas putida strain, pnbA encodes a 4-nitrobenzoate reductase, which is responsible for catalyzing the direct reduction of 4-nitrobenzoate to 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate, and pnbB encodes a 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate to 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and ammonium. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft bet
>cd08485 PBP2_ClcR The C-terminal substrate binding domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator ClcR involved in the chlorocatechol catabolism, contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
In soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, the ortho-pathways of catechol and 3-chlorocatechol are central catabolic pathways that convert aromatic and chloroaromaric compounds to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. The 3-chlorocatechol-degradative pathway is encoded by clcABD operon, which requires the divergently transcribed clcR and an intermediate of the pathway, 2-chloromuconate, as an inducer for activation. The topology of this substrate-binding domain is most similar to that of the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. The PBP2 bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. After binding th
>cd08443 PBP2_CysB The C-terminal substrate domain of LysR-type transcriptional regulator CysB contains type 2 periplasmic binding fold
CysB is a transcriptional activator of genes involved in sulfate and thiosulfate transport, sulfate reduction, and cysteine synthesis. In Escherichia coli, the regulation of transcription in response to sulfur source is attributed to two transcriptional regulators, CysB and Cbl. CysB, in association with Cbl, downregulates the expression of ssuEADCB operon which is required for the utilization of sulfur from aliphatic sulfonates, in the presence of cysteine. Also, Cbl and CysB together directly function as transcriptional activators of tauABCD genes, which are required for utilization of taurine as sulfur source for growth. Like many other members of the LTTR family, CysB is composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding speci
>smart00857 Resolvase Resolvase, N terminal domain
The N-terminal domain of the resolvase family contains the active site and the dimer interface. The extended arm at the C-terminus of this domain connects to the C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain of resolvase.
>cd03087 PGM_like1 This archaeal PGM-like (phosphoglucomutase-like) protein of unknown function belongs to the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily which includes several related enzymes that catalyze a reversible intramolecular phosphoryl transfer on their sugar substrates
The alpha-D-phosphohexomutases include several related enzymes that catalyze a reversible intramolecular phosphoryl transfer on their sugar substrates. Members of this superfamily include the phosphoglucomutases (PGM1 and PGM2), phosphoglucosamine mutase (PNGM), phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM), the bacterial phosphomannomutase ManB, the bacterial phosphoglucosamine mutase GlmM, and the bifunctional phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM). Each of these enzymes has four domains with a centrally located active site formed by four loops, one from each domain. All four domains are included in this alignment model.
>cd08462 PBP2_NodD The C-terminal substsrate binding domain of NodD family of LysR-type transcriptional regulators that regulates the expression of nodulation (nod) genes; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
The nodulation (nod) genes in soil bacteria play important roles in the development of nodules. nod genes are involved in synthesis of Nod factors that are required for bacterial entry into root hairs. Thirteen nod genes have been identified and are classified into five transcription units: nodD, nodABCIJ, nodFEL, nodMNT, and nodO. NodD is negatively auto-regulates its own expression of nodD gene, while other nod genes are inducible and positively regulated by NodD in the presence of flavonoids released by plant roots. This substrate-binding domain has significant homology to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins (PBP2), which are responsible for the uptake of a variety of substrates such as phosphate, sulfate, polysaccharides, lysine/arginine/ornithine, and histidine. T
>cd08426 PBP2_LTTR_like_5 The C-terminal substrate binding domain of an uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulator, contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold
LysR-transcriptional regulators comprise the largest family of prokaryotic transcription factor. Homologs of some of LTTRs with similar domain organizations are also found in the archaea and eukaryotic organisms. The LTTRs are composed of two functional domains joined by a linker helix involved in oligomerization: an N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain, which is responsible for the DNA-binding specificity, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain, which is structurally homologous to the type 2 periplasmic binding proteins. As also observed in the periplasmic binding proteins, the C-terminal domain of the bacterial transcriptional repressor undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding which in turn changes the DNA binding affinity of the repressor. The genes controlled by the LTTRs have diverse functi
>pdb|3TDJ|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glua2 Ligand-Binding Domain (S1s2j-L483y- N754s) In Complex With Glutamate And Bpam-97 At 1.95 A Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|1LB8|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Non-Desensitizing Glur2 Ligand Binding Core Mutant (S1s2j-L483y) In Complex With Ampa At 2.3 Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|3R7X|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Analysis Of A Quinazolinedione Sulfonamide Bound To Human Glur2: A Novel Class Of Competitive Ampa Receptor Antagonists With Oral Activity Length = 263
>pdb|2I3W|A Chain A, Measurement Of Conformational Changes Accompanying Desensitization In An Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor: Structure Of S729c Mutant Length = 259
>pdb|2I3V|A Chain A, Measurement Of Conformational Changes Accompanying Desensitization In An Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor: Structure Of G725c Mutant Length = 259
>pdb|2XHD|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of N-((2s)-5-(6-Fluoro-3-Pyridinyl)-2,3- Dihydro-1h-Inden-2-Yl)-2-Propanesulfonamide In Complex With The Ligand Binding Domain Of The Human Glua2 Receptor Length = 263
>pdb|1P1W|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand-Binding Core (S1s2j) With The L483y And L650t Mutations And In Complex With Ampa Length = 263
>pdb|1MQH|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand Binding Core (S1s2j) In Complex With Bromo-Willardiine At 1.8 Angstroms Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|1MQD|A Chain A, X-Ray Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand-Binding Core (S1s2j) In Complex With (S)-Des-Me-Ampa At 1.46 A Resolution. Crystallization In The Presence Of Lithium Sulfate. Length = 261
>pdb|3B6T|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand Binding Core (S1s2j) T686a Mutant In Complex With Quisqualate At 2.1 Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|1LBC|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of Glur2 Ligand Binding Core (S1s2j- N775s) In Complex With Cyclothiazide (Ctz) As Well As Glutamate At 1.8 A Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|2XX7|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of 1-(4-(1-Pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)phenyl)-3- (Trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1h-Indazole In Complex With The Ligand Binding Domain Of The Rat Glua2 Receptor And Glutamate At 2.2a Resolution. Length = 291
>pdb|1LBB|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand Binding Domain Mutant (s1s2j-n754d) In Complex With Kainate At 2.1 A Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|2ANJ|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur2 Ligand Binding Core (S1s2j- Y450w) Mutant In Complex With The Partial Agonist Kainic Acid At 2.1 A Resolution Length = 263
>pdb|2ZNS|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Ligand-Binding Core Of The Human Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor, Glur5, In Complex With Glutamate Length = 256
>pdb|3G3K|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Domain Dimer I442h K494e K665r I749l Q753k E757q Mutant With Glutamate And Nacl At 1.24 Angstrom Resolution Length = 259
>pdb|3G3J|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Domain Dimer I442h K494e K665r I749l Q753k Mutant With Glutamate And Nacl At 1.32 Angstrom Resolution Length = 259
>pdb|3G3I|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Domain Dimer I442h K494e I749l Q753k Mutant With Glutamate And Nacl At 1.37 Angstrom Resolution Length = 259
>pdb|2I0C|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Core Dimer Crosslinked By Disulfide Bonds Between Y490c And L752c At 2.25 Angstroms Resolution Length = 259
>pdb|3G3G|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Domain Dimer K665r Mutant With Glutamate And Nacl At 1.3 Angstrom Resolution Length = 259
>pdb|3G3H|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of The Glur6 Ligand Binding Domain Dimer K665r I749l Q753k Mutant With Glutamate And Nacl At 1.5 Angstrom Resolution Length = 259
>4h5g_A Amino acid ABC superfamily ATP binding cassette transporter, binding protein; center for structural genomics of infectious diseases (csgid national institute of allergy and infectious diseases; HET: ARG; 1.78A {Streptococcus pneumoniae} PDB: 4h5f_A*
>3k4u_A Binding component of ABC transporter; structural genomics, protein structure INI NEW YORK structural genomix research consortium, nysgxrc; HET: LYS; 2.62A {Wolinella succinogenes} SCOP: c.94.1.0
>4i62_A Amino acid ABC transporter, periplasmic amino ACI protein, putative; center for structural genomics of infectious diseases (csgid national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (NIAI niaid; HET: ARG; 1.05A {Streptococcus pneumoniae}
>3n5l_A Binding protein component of ABC phosphonate TRAN; structural genomics, joint center for structural genomics; HET: UNL; 1.97A {Pseudomonas aeruginosa}
>3un6_A Hypothetical protein saouhsc_00137; structural genomics, center for structural genomics of infec diseases, csgid; 2.01A {Staphylococcus aureus subsp}
>3pam_A Transmembrane protein; structural genomics, PSI-2, protein structure initiative, MI center for structural genomics, MCSG; 2.31A {Bartonella henselae}
>3muq_A Uncharacterized conserved protein; structural genomics, PSI-2, protein structure initiative, MI center for structural genomics, MCSG; 2.05A {Vibrio parahaemolyticus}
