Serine protease inhibitor that inhibits plasminogen activators and plasmin but not thrombin. May be involved in the formation or reorganization of synaptic connections as well as for synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system. May protect neurons from cell damage by tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Serine protease inhibitor that inhibits plasminogen activators and plasmin but not thrombin. May be involved in the formation or reorganization of synaptic connections as well as for synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system. May protect neurons from cell damage by tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Serine protease inhibitor that inhibits plasminogen activators and plasmin but not thrombin. May be involved in the formation or reorganization of synaptic connections as well as for synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system. May protect neurons from cell damage by tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Structure is a multi-domain fold containing a bundle of helices and a beta sandwich. Length = 369
>gnl|CDD|238101 cd00172, SERPIN, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms
Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants have been associated with blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia. Length = 364
Score = 56.7 bits (137), Expect = 4e-11
Identities = 22/68 (32%), Positives = 38/68 (55%), Gaps = 1/68 (1%)
Query: 14 PELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDF-SQPPAAAKEMNDWVSNHTNDK 72
P L AN ++ K + L P+++ A +++ +E VDF ++ +E+N WV TN
Sbjct: 83 PRLSFANGVWVDKSLSLKPSFKDLAANSYKAEARPVDFRTKAEEVRREVNSWVEKATNGL 142
Query: 73 IKDLIKAG 80
IKD++ G
Sbjct: 143 IKDILPPG 150
It has been suggested that plant serpins play a role in defense against insect predators. This subgroup corresponds to clade P of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Length = 381
>gnl|CDD|239003 cd02048, neuroserpin, Neuroserpin is a inhibitory member of the SERine Proteinase INhibitor (serpin) family that reacts preferentially with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)
It is located in neurons in regions of the brain where tPA is also found, suggesting that neuroserpin is the selective inhibitor of tPA in the central nervous system (CNS). This subgroup corresponds to clade I of the serpin superfamily. Length = 388
Score = 51.0 bits (122), Expect = 4e-09
Identities = 22/80 (27%), Positives = 35/80 (43%), Gaps = 4/80 (5%)
Query: 5 RPSNYEISSP----ELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKE 60
+ N I S + AN ++ ++ + + + F E+ VDFS P AA
Sbjct: 73 KKLNKAIVSKKNKDIVTTANAVFAQSGFKMEVPFVPRNKEVFQCEVKSVDFSDPETAAFS 132
Query: 61 MNDWVSNHTNDKIKDLIKAG 80
+NDWV N T I +L+
Sbjct: 133 INDWVKNETKGMIDNLLSPD 152
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary, fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators. It is often bound to vitronectin, an abundant component of the extracellular matrix in many tissues. Protease nexin-1 is a potent serpin able to inhibit thrombin, plasmin, and plasminogen activators. PAI-1 and nexin-1 are members of the serpin superfamily and represent clade E. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Length = 377
Score = 49.7 bits (119), Expect = 9e-09
Identities = 22/65 (33%), Positives = 34/65 (52%), Gaps = 1/65 (1%)
Query: 13 SPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDWVSNHTNDK 72
+ EL IAN I+ L P + D + + + ++DF P AAA+E+N WV T K
Sbjct: 82 TVELIIANSIWIEPGFTLKPDFLQTIKDYYQAYVLELDFQSP-AAAEEINRWVKEKTKGK 140
Query: 73 IKDLI 77
I ++
Sbjct: 141 IDKIV 145
Little information about specific functions is available for this subgroup, most likely they are inhibitory members of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors. Length = 364
>gnl|CDD|239014 cd02059, ovalbumin_like, The ovalbumin_like group of serpins contains ovalbumin, the squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) and other closely related serpins of clade B of the serpin superfamily
Ovalbumin, the major protein component of avian egg white, is a non-inhibitory member of SERine Proteinase INhibitorS (serpins). In contrast, SCCA1 inhibits cysteine proteinases such as cathepsin S, K, L, and papain, a so called cross-class serpin. Length = 389
PAI-2 is a serine protease inhibitor that belongs to the ov-serpin branch of the serpin superfamily. It is is an effective inhibitor of urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase or uPA) and is involved in cell differentiation, tissue growth and regeneration. Length = 380
>gnl|CDD|239000 cd02045, antithrombin-III_like, Antithrombin is a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) which controls the process of coagulation
Score = 42.1 bits (99), Expect = 5e-06
Identities = 21/72 (29%), Positives = 41/72 (56%), Gaps = 1/72 (1%)
Query: 13 SPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKE-MNDWVSNHTND 71
S EL AN+++ K + N YQ + + ++L +DF + P ++ +N+W++N T +
Sbjct: 91 SSELISANRLFGDKSLTFNETYQDISEIVYGAKLWPLDFKEKPELSRITINEWIANKTEN 150
Query: 72 KIKDLIKAGNLT 83
+I D+I G +
Sbjct: 151 RITDVIPEGAID 162
It is the most important anticoagulant molecule in mammalian circulation systems, controlled by its interaction with the co-factor, heparin, which accelerates its interaction with target proteases, such as thrombin and factor Xa. This subgroup corresponds to clade C of the serpin superfamily. Length = 381
Score = 40.3 bits (95), Expect = 2e-05
Identities = 19/67 (28%), Positives = 32/67 (47%)
Query: 12 SSPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDWVSNHTND 71
S +L + N ++ K ++ + + SE DF A K++ND+V T+
Sbjct: 80 SGLQLNMGNALFLDKRLKPLDKFLEDVKHLYESEAFSTDFQDSAEAKKQINDYVEKKTHG 139
Query: 72 KIKDLIK 78
KI DL+K
Sbjct: 140 KIVDLVK 146
This family contains a variety of different members of clade A of the serpin superfamily. They include the classical serine proteinase inhibitors, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, protein C inhibitor, kallistatin, and noninhibitory serpins, like corticosteroid and thyroxin binding globulins. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants have been associated with blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia. Length = 361
>gnl|CDD|238999 cd02044, ov-serpin, ovalbumin family of serpins (ov-serpins)
Family of closely related proteins, whose members can be secreted (ovalbumin), cytosolic (leukocyte elastase inhibitor, LEI), or targeted to both compartments (plasminogen activator inhibitor 2, PAI-2). This subgroup corresponds to clade B of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants can cause blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia. Length = 370
>gnl|CDD|239005 cd02050, C1_inh, C1 inhibitor (C1-Inh) is a protease inhibitor of the serpin family
It plays a pivotal role in regulating the activation of the classical complement pathway and of the contact system, via regulating bradykinin formation, inhibiting factor XII and kallikrein of the contact system, and via acting on factor XI in the coagulation cascade. This subgroup corresponds to clade G of the serpin superfamily. Length = 352
>cd02054 angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen is part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in blood pressure regulation, renal haemodynamics, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
It is also involved in normal and abnormal growth processes. The growth promoting actions of angiotensin have been shown in a variety of cells and tissues. This subgroup represents clade A8 of the serpin superfamily. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones.
>cd02043 plant_SERPIN SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins), plant specific subgroup
It has been suggested that plant serpins play a role in defense against insect predators. This subgroup corresponds to clade P of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones.
>cd00172 SERPIN SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms
Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants have been associated with blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia.
>cd02048 neuroserpin Neuroserpin is a inhibitory member of the SERine Proteinase INhibitor (serpin) family that reacts preferentially with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)
It is located in neurons in regions of the brain where tPA is also found, suggesting that neuroserpin is the selective inhibitor of tPA in the central nervous system (CNS). This subgroup corresponds to clade I of the serpin superfamily.
>cd02044 ov-serpin ovalbumin family of serpins (ov-serpins)
Family of closely related proteins, whose members can be secreted (ovalbumin), cytosolic (leukocyte elastase inhibitor, LEI), or targeted to both compartments (plasminogen activator inhibitor 2, PAI-2). This subgroup corresponds to clade B of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants can cause blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia.
>cd02059 ovalbumin_like The ovalbumin_like group of serpins contains ovalbumin, the squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) and other closely related serpins of clade B of the serpin superfamily
Ovalbumin, the major protein component of avian egg white, is a non-inhibitory member of SERine Proteinase INhibitorS (serpins). In contrast, SCCA1 inhibits cysteine proteinases such as cathepsin S, K, L, and papain, a so called cross-class serpin.
>cd02046 hsp47 Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), also called colligin, because of its collagen binding ability, is a chaperone specific for procollagen
It has been shown to be essential for collagen biosynthesis, but its exact function is still unclear. Hsp47 is a non-inhibitory member of the SERPIN superfamily and corresponds to clade H.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary, fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators. It is often bound to vitronectin, an abundant component of the extracellular matrix in many tissues. Protease nexin-1 is a potent serpin able to inhibit thrombin, plasmin, and plasminogen activators. PAI-1 and nexin-1 are members of the serpin superfamily and represent clade E. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones.
>cd02057 maspin_like Maspin (mammary serine proteinase inhibitor), a member of the serpin superfamily, with a multitude of effects on cells and tissues at an assortment of developmental stages
Maspin has tumor suppressing activity against breast and prostate cancer. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones.
>PF00079 Serpin: Serpin (serine protease inhibitor); InterPro: IPR023796 Peptide proteinase inhibitors can be found as single domain proteins or as single or multiple domains within proteins; these are referred to as either simple or compound inhibitors, respectively
In many cases they are synthesised as part of a larger precursor protein, either as a prepropeptide or as an N-terminal domain associated with an inactive peptidase or zymogen. This domain prevents access of the substrate to the active site. Removal of the N-terminal inhibitor domain either by interaction with a second peptidase or by autocatalytic cleavage activates the zymogen. Other inhibitors interact direct with proteinases using a simple noncovalent lock and key mechanism; while yet others use a conformational change-based trapping mechanism that depends on their structural and thermodynamic properties. Serpins (SERine Proteinase INhibitors) [, , ] belong to MEROPS inhibitor family I4, clan ID. Serpins are proteins that are primarily known as irreversible serine protease inhibitors active against S1 (IPR001254 from INTERPRO), S8 (IPR000209 from INTERPRO) and C14 (IPR002398 from INTERPRO) peptidases. There are both extra- and intra-cellular serpins, which are found in all groups of organisms with the notable exception of fungi [, ]. In contrast to "rigid" proteinase inhibitors, such as those of the Kunitz or Kazal families, the serpins are metastable proteins (active-state proteins) which interact with their substrate and irreversibly trap the acyl intermediate as a result of a major conformational change []; they are best described as suicide substrate inhibitors. The common structure of these proteins is a multi-domain fold containing a bundle of 8 or 9 alpha helices and a beta sandwich formed by 3 beta sheets. The reactive centre loop (RCL) is found in the C-terminal part of these proteins. Serpins and their homologues are a group of high molecular weight (40 to 50 kDa) structurally related proteins involved in a number of fundamental biological processes such as blood coagulation, complement activation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, inflammation, tumour suppression and hormone transport. All known serpins have been classified into 16 clades and 10 orphan sequences; the vertebrate serpins can be conveniently classified into six sub-groups []. In human plasma they represent approximately 2% of the total protein, of which 70% is alpha-1-antitrypsin. On the basis of strong sequence similarities, a number of proteins with no known inhibitory activity also belong to this family, these include: angiotensinogen, corticosteroid-binding globulin and thyroxin-binding globulin []. This entry represents the structural domain of serpins. It consists of a cluster of helices and a beta-sandwich.; PDB: 3PZF_A 3B9F_I 1MTP_A 1SNG_A 1ANT_I 2ZNH_B 1BR8_I 1SR5_A 1E03_L 1AZX_L ....
>cd02045 antithrombin-III_like Antithrombin is a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) which controls the process of coagulation
It is the most important anticoagulant molecule in mammalian circulation systems, controlled by its interaction with the co-factor, heparin, which accelerates its interaction with target proteases, such as thrombin and factor Xa. This subgroup corresponds to clade C of the serpin superfamily.
PAI-2 is a serine protease inhibitor that belongs to the ov-serpin branch of the serpin superfamily. It is is an effective inhibitor of urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase or uPA) and is involved in cell differentiation, tissue growth and regeneration.
This family contains a variety of different members of clade A of the serpin superfamily. They include the classical serine proteinase inhibitors, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, protein C inhibitor, kallistatin, and noninhibitory serpins, like corticosteroid and thyroxin binding globulins. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors which regulate blood coagulation cascades. Non-inhibitory serpins perform many diverse functions such as chaperoning proteins or transporting hormones. Serpins are of medical interest because mutants have been associated with blood clotting disorders, emphysema, cirrhosis, and dementia.
Little information about specific functions is available for this subgroup, most likely they are inhibitory members of the serpin superfamily. In general, serpins exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms. Many serpins, such as antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin, function as serine protease inhibitors.
>cd02047 HCII Heparin cofactor II (HCII) inhibits thrombin, the final protease of the coagulation cascade
HCII is allosterically activated by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The specificity of HCII for thrombin is conferred by a highly acidic hirudin-like N-terminal tail, which becomes available after GAG binding for interaction with the anion-binding exosite I of thrombin. This subgroup corresponds to clade D of the serpin superfamily.
>cd02055 PZI Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors (clade A10)
ZPI inhibits coagulation factor Xa , dependent on protein Z (PZ), a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein. ZPI also inhibits factor XIa in a process that does not require PZ. In general, SERine Proteinase INhibitors (serpins) exhibit conformational polymorphism shifting from native to cleaved, latent, delta, or polymorphic forms.
>cd02050 C1_inh C1 inhibitor (C1-Inh) is a protease inhibitor of the serpin family
It plays a pivotal role in regulating the activation of the classical complement pathway and of the contact system, via regulating bradykinin formation, inhibiting factor XII and kallikrein of the contact system, and via acting on factor XI in the coagulation cascade. This subgroup corresponds to clade G of the serpin superfamily.
PEDF is non-inhibitory member of the Serpin superfamily. It exhibits neurotrophic, neuroprotective and antiangiogenic properties and is widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous systems. This subgroup corresponds to clade F1 of the serpin superfamily.
>cd02053 alpha2AP Alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP) is the primary inhibitor of plasmin, a proteinase that digests fibrin, the main component of blood clots
Alpha2-Antiplasmin forms an inactive 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex with plasmin. It also rapidly crosslinks to fibrin during blood clotting by activated coagulation factor XIII, and as a consequence fibrin becomes more resistant to fibrinolysis. Therefore alpha2AP is important in modulating the effectiveness and persistence of fibrin with respect to its susceptibility to digestion and removal by plasmin. This subgroup corresponds to clade F2 of the serpin superfamily.
Score = 40.0 bits (92), Expect = 4e-04, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 24/74 (32%), Positives = 34/74 (45%)
Query: 5 RPSNYEISSPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDW 64
R N +L + N ++ + + L + A + SE DF AA K +ND+
Sbjct: 82 RTLNQSSDELQLSMGNAMFVKEQLSLLDRFTEDAKRLYGSEAFATDFQDSAAAKKLINDY 141
Query: 65 VSNHTNDKIKDLIK 78
V N T KI DLIK
Sbjct: 142 VKNGTRGKITDLIK 155
Score = 40.0 bits (92), Expect = 4e-04, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 24/74 (32%), Positives = 34/74 (45%)
Query: 5 RPSNYEISSPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDW 64
R N +L + N ++ + + L + A + SE DF AA K +ND+
Sbjct: 82 RTLNQSSDELQLSMGNAMFVKEQLSLLDRFTEDAKRLYGSEAFATDFQDSAAAKKLINDY 141
Query: 65 VSNHTNDKIKDLIK 78
V N T KI DLIK
Sbjct: 142 VKNGTRGKITDLIK 155
Score = 40.0 bits (92), Expect = 4e-04, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 24/74 (32%), Positives = 34/74 (45%)
Query: 5 RPSNYEISSPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDW 64
R N +L + N ++ + + L + A + SE DF AA K +ND+
Sbjct: 82 RTLNQSSDELQLSMGNAMFVKEQLSLLDRFTEDAKRLYGSEAFATDFQDSAAAKKLINDY 141
Query: 65 VSNHTNDKIKDLIK 78
V N T KI DLIK
Sbjct: 142 VKNGTRGKITDLIK 155
>pdb|2ACH|A Chain A, Crystal Structure Of Cleaved Human Alpha1-antichymotrypsin At 2.7 Angstroms Resolution And Its Comparison With Other Serpins Length = 360
Score = 39.7 bits (91), Expect = 4e-04, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 24/74 (32%), Positives = 34/74 (45%)
Query: 5 RPSNYEISSPELKIANKIYFAKDIELNPAYQTQAVDNFNSELGKVDFSQPPAAAKEMNDW 64
R N +L + N ++ + + L + A + SE DF AA K +ND+
Sbjct: 101 RTLNQSSDELQLSMGNAMFVKEQLSLLDRFTEDAKRLYGSEAFATDFQDSAAAKKLINDY 160
Query: 65 VSNHTNDKIKDLIK 78
V N T KI DLIK
Sbjct: 161 VKNGTRGKITDLIK 174
