Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Involved in cellular amino acid uptake. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane. Plays a role in neuronal cell proliferation (neurogenesis) in brain. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Mediates blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier which in turn may play a key role in maintaining large neutral amino acids as well as neurotransmitters in the neural retina. Acts as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts.
Mus musculus (taxid: 10090)
>sp|Q7YQK4|LAT1_RABIT Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 OS=Oryctolagus cuniculus GN=SLC7A5 PE=1 SV=1
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Involved in cellular amino acid uptake. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane. Plays a role in neuronal cell proliferation (neurogenesis) in brain. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Mediates blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier which in turn may play a key role in maintaining large neutral amino acids as well as neurotransmitters in the neural retina. Acts as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts.
Oryctolagus cuniculus (taxid: 9986)
>sp|Q63016|LAT1_RAT Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 OS=Rattus norvegicus GN=Slc7a5 PE=1 SV=2
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Involved in cellular amino acid uptake. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane. Plays a role in neuronal cell proliferation (neurogenesis) in brain. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Mediates blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier which in turn may play a key role in maintaining large neutral amino acids as well as neurotransmitters in the neural retina. Acts as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts.
Rattus norvegicus (taxid: 10116)
>sp|Q01650|LAT1_HUMAN Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=SLC7A5 PE=1 SV=2
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Involved in cellular amino acid uptake. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Involved in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier, and that of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane in tissues such as placenta. Plays a role in neuronal cell proliferation (neurogenesis) in brain. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. May play an important role in high-grade gliomas. Mediates blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier which in turn may play a key role in maintaining large neutral amino acids as well as neurotransmitters in the neural retina. Acts as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts.
Score = 84.7 bits (208), Expect = 1e-16, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 46/88 (52%), Positives = 65/88 (73%), Gaps = 2/88 (2%)
Query: 23 LEEATEHSPIFETAEPGGQTRAEDTVCLKPKMTLLNGITVIVGSIIGSGIFVSPTGVLKE 82
L +A +H+ + E A Q E T+ LK +++LLNG++++VG++IGSGIFVSP GVLK
Sbjct: 16 LPKANQHT-VKEDAGSPSQGSPE-TMQLKKEISLLNGVSLVVGNMIGSGIFVSPKGVLKY 73
Query: 83 TGSVNLALVVWTISGVFSMVGAYCYSEL 110
T S L+L+VW I G+FS+VGA CY+EL
Sbjct: 74 TASYGLSLIVWAIGGLFSVVGALCYAEL 101
Involved in the sodium-independent uptake of dibasic amino acids and sodium-dependent uptake of some neutral amino acids. Requires co-expression with SLC3A2/4F2hc to mediate the uptake of arginine, leucine and glutamine. Also acts as an arginine/glutamine exchanger, following an antiport mechanism for amino acid transport, influencing arginine release in exchange for extracellular amino acids. Plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis via transport of L-arginine. Involved in the transport of L-arginine in monocytes. Reduces uptake of ornithine in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Involved in the sodium-independent uptake of dibasic amino acids and sodium-dependent uptake of some neutral amino acids. Requires co-expression with SLC3A2/4F2hc to mediate the uptake of arginine, leucine and glutamine. Also acts as an arginine/glutamine exchanger, following an antiport mechanism for amino acid transport, influencing arginine release in exchange for extracellular amino acids. Plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via transport of L-arginine. Involved in the transport of L-arginine in monocytes. Reduces uptake of ornithine in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
Score = 83.2 bits (204), Expect = 4e-16, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 41/87 (47%), Positives = 59/87 (67%)
Query: 24 EEATEHSPIFETAEPGGQTRAEDTVCLKPKMTLLNGITVIVGSIIGSGIFVSPTGVLKET 83
E A +H +A G + + V LK +++LLNG+ +IVG++IGSGIFVSP GVL +
Sbjct: 8 EVAAQHEADDGSALGDGASPVAEQVKLKKEISLLNGVCLIVGNMIGSGIFVSPKGVLMYS 67
Query: 84 GSVNLALVVWTISGVFSMVGAYCYSEL 110
S L+LV+W + G+FS+ GA CY+EL
Sbjct: 68 ASFGLSLVIWAVGGIFSVFGALCYAEL 94
Involved in the sodium-independent uptake of dibasic amino acids and sodium-dependent uptake of some neutral amino acids. Requires co-expression with SLC3A2/4F2hc to mediate the uptake of arginine, leucine and glutamine. Plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis via transport of L-arginine, and is involved in the transport of L-arginine in monocytes.
Involved in the sodium-independent uptake of dibasic amino acids and sodium-dependent uptake of some neutral amino acids. Requires co-expression with SLC3A2/4F2hc to mediate the uptake of arginine, leucine and glutamine. Plays a role in nitric oxide synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via transport of L-arginine. Involved in the transport of L-arginine in monocytes.
Homo sapiens (taxid: 9606)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 40.0 bits (94), Expect = 6e-05
Identities = 18/58 (31%), Positives = 30/58 (51%), Gaps = 1/58 (1%)
Query: 53 KMTLLNGITVIVGSIIGSGIFVSPTGVLKETGSVNLALVVWTISGVFSMVGAYCYSEL 110
K+ L +++GS+IGSGIF P L ++ W I+GV + A+ ++ L
Sbjct: 8 KLGLFALTALVIGSMIGSGIFSLPQN-LASVAGPGAVIIGWIITGVGMLALAFVFAIL 64
This family includes several families of antiporters that, rather commonly, are encoded next to decarboxylases that convert one of the antiporter substrates into the other. This arrangement allows a cycle that can remove proteins from the cytoplasm and thereby protect against acidic conditions [Transport and binding proteins, Amino acids, peptides and amines]. Length = 473
GabP is highly homologous to amino acid permeases from B. subtilis, E. coli, as well as to other members of the amino acid permease family (pfam00324). A member of the APC (amine-polyamine-choline) transporter superfamily, GABA permease possesses a "consensus amphiphatic region" (CAR) found to be evolutionarily conserved within this transport family. This amphiphatic region is located between helix 8 and cytoplasmic loop 8-9, forming a potential channel domain and suggested to play a significant role in ligand recognition and translocation. Unique to GABA permeases, a conserved cysteine residue (CYS-300, E.coli) located at the beginning of the amphiphatic domain, has been determined to be critical for catalytic specificity.
>TIGR00906 2A0303 cationic amino acid transport permease
Members of this protein family are the arginine/ornithine antiporter, ArcD. This exchanger of ornithine for arginine occurs in a system with arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and carbamate kinase, with together turn arginine to ornithine with the generation of ATP and release of CO2.
This family includes several families of antiporters that, rather commonly, are encoded next to decarboxylases that convert one of the antiporter substrates into the other. This arrangement allows a cycle that can remove proteins from the cytoplasm and thereby protect against acidic conditions.
>COG0833 LysP Amino acid transporters [Amino acid transport and metabolism]
The three genes used as the seed for this model (from Burkholderia pseudomallei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium acetobutylicum are all adjacent to genes for the catabolism of ethanolamine. Most if not all of the hits to this model have a similar arrangement of genes. This group is a member of the Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily.
>TIGR03428 ureacarb_perm permease, urea carboxylase system
A number of bacteria obtain nitrogen by biotin- and ATP-dependent urea degradation system distinct from urease. The two characterized proteins of this system are the enzymes urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase, but other, uncharacterized proteins co-occur as genes encoded nearby in multiple organisms. This family includes predicted permeases of the amino acid permease family, likely to transport either urea or a compound from which urea is derived. It is found so far only Actinobacteria, whereas a number of other species with the urea carboxylase have an adjacent ABC transporter operon.
This model describes spore germination protein GerKB and paralogs from Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium tetani, and other known or predicted endospore-forming members of the Firmicutes (low-GC Gram positive bacteria). Members show some similarity to amino acid permeases.
aromatic amino acid transporters and includes the tyrosine permease, TyrP, of E. coli, and the tryptophan transporters TnaB and Mtr of E. coli.
>PF00324 AA_permease: Amino acid permease; InterPro: IPR004841 Amino acid permeases are integral membrane proteins involved in the transport of amino acids into the cell
A number of such proteins have been found to be evolutionary related [], [], []. These proteins seem to contain up to 12 transmembrane segments. The best conserved region in this family is located in the second transmembrane segment. This domain is found in a wide variety of permeases, as well as several hypothetical proteins. ; GO: 0006810 transport, 0055085 transmembrane transport, 0016020 membrane
Members of this protein family are putative putative glutamate/gamma-aminobutyrate antiporters. Each member of the seed alignment is found adjacent to a glutamate decarboxylase, which converts glutamate (Glu) to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA). However, the majority belong to genome contexts with a glutaminase (converts Gln to Glu) as well as the decarboxylase that converts Glu to GABA. The specificity of the transporter remains uncertain.
Lowered cutoffs from 1000/500 to 800/300, promoted from subfamily to equivalog, and put into a Genome Property DHH 9/1/2009
>PF03222 Trp_Tyr_perm: Tryptophan/tyrosine permease family; InterPro: IPR018227 Amino acid permeases are integral membrane proteins involved in the transport of amino acids into the cell
A number of such proteins have been found to be evolutionary related [, , ]. Aromatic amino acids are concentrated in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli by 4 distinct transport systems: a general aromatic amino acid permease, and a specific permease for each of the 3 types (Phe, Tyr and Trp) []. It has been shown [] that some permeases in E. coli and related bacteria are evolutionary related. These permeases are proteins of about 400 to 420 amino acids and are located in the cytoplasmic membrane and, like bacterial sugar/cation transporters, are thought to contain 12 transmembrane (TM) regions [] - hydropathy analysis, however, is inconclusive, suggesting the possibility of 10 to 12 membrane-spanning domains []. The best conserved domain is a stretch of 20 residues which seems to be located in a cytoplasmic loop between the first and second transmembrane region.
>PF01235 Na_Ala_symp: Sodium:alanine symporter family; InterPro: IPR001463 Sodium symporters can be divided by sequence and functional similarity into various groups
One such group is the sodium/alanine symporter family, the members of which transport alanine in association with sodium ions. These transporters are believed to possess 8 transmembrane (TM) helices [, ], forming a channel or pore through the cytoplasmic membrane, the interior face being hydrophilic to allow the passage of alanine molecules and sodium ions []. This family is restricted to the bacteria and archaea, examples are the alanine carrier protein from the Bacillus PS3 (Thermophilic bacterium PS-3); the D-alanine/glycine permease from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (Alteromonas haloplanktis); and the hypothetical protein yaaJ from Escherichia coli.; GO: 0005283 sodium:amino acid symporter activity, 0006814 sodium ion transport, 0016020 membrane
>PF03845 Spore_permease: Spore germination protein; InterPro: IPR004761 Amino acid permeases are integral membrane proteins involved in the transport of amino acids into the cell
A number of such proteins have been found to be evolutionary related [, , ]. These proteins seem to contain up to 12 transmembrane segments. The best conserved region in this family is located in the second transmembrane segment. Spore germination protein (amino acid permease) is involved in the response to the germinative mixture of L-asparagine, glucose, fructose and potassium ions (AFFK). These proteins could be amino acid transporters.; GO: 0009847 spore germination, 0016021 integral to membrane
The HAAAP family includes well characterized aromatic amino acid:H+ symport permeases and hydroxy amino acid permeases. This subfamily is specific for hydroxy amino acid transporters and includes the serine permease, SdaC, of E. coli, and the threonine permease, TdcC, of E. coli.
>PF01490 Aa_trans: Transmembrane amino acid transporter protein; InterPro: IPR013057 This transmembrane region is found in many amino acid transporters including P34579 from SWISSPROT (UNC-47) and P40501 from SWISSPROT (MTR)
UNC-47 encodes a vesicular amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, (VGAT) and is is predicted to have 10 transmembrane domains UNC47_CAEEL []. MTR is an N system amino acid transporter system protein involved in methyltryptophan resistance MTR_NEUCR. Other members of this family include proline transporters and amino acid transporters whose specificity has not yet been identified.
