Probable transcription factor required for peripheral nervous system morphogenesis, eye development and oogenesis. May be required for the transmission of the dpp signal and for a morphogenetic movement of the medulla in the brain that reorients the second optic lobe relative to the first. Plays a role in determining proper dorsal cell fates leading to the formation of the dorsal appendages. Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227)
>sp|Q24523|BUN2_DROME Protein bunched, class 2/F/G isoform OS=Drosophila melanogaster GN=bun PE=2 SV=4
Probable transcription factor required for peripheral nervous system morphogenesis, eye development and oogenesis. May be required for the transmission of the dpp signal and for a morphogenetic movement of the medulla in the brain that reorients the second optic lobe relative to the first. Plays a role in determining proper dorsal cell fates leading to the formation of the dorsal appendages.
Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227)
>sp|Q9Y3Q8|T22D4_HUMAN TSC22 domain family protein 4 OS=Homo sapiens GN=TSC22D4 PE=1 SV=2
>PF01166 TSC22: TSC-22/dip/bun family; InterPro: IPR000580 Several eukaryotic proteins are evolutionary related and are thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation
These proteins are highly similar in a region of about 50 residues that include a conserved leucine-zipper domain most probably involved in homo- or hetero-dimerisation. Proteins containing this signature include: Vertebrate protein TSC-22 [], a transcriptional regulator which seems to act on C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) promoter. Mammalian protein DIP (DSIP-immunoreactive peptide) [], a protein whose function is not yet known. Drosophila protein bunched [] (gene bun) (also known as shortsighted), a probable transcription factor required for peripheral nervous system morphogenesis, eye development and oogenesis. Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein T18D3.7. ; GO: 0003700 sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, 0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; PDB: 1DIP_B.
>PF11365 DUF3166: Protein of unknown function (DUF3166); InterPro: IPR021507 This eukaryotic family of proteins has no known function
>PF04977 DivIC: Septum formation initiator; InterPro: IPR007060 DivIC, from the spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is necessary for both vegetative and sporulation septum formation []
These proteins are mainly composed of an N-terminal coiled-coil. DivIB, DivIC and FtsL inter-depend on each other for stabilisation and localisation. The latter two form a heterodimer. DivIC is always centre cell but the other two associate with it during septation [].; GO: 0007049 cell cycle
>PF06005 DUF904: Protein of unknown function (DUF904); InterPro: IPR009252 Cell division protein ZapB is a non-essential, abundant cell division factor that is required for proper Z-ring formation
It is recruited early to the divisome by direct interaction with FtsZ, stimulating Z-ring assembly and thereby promoting cell division earlier in the cell cycle. Its recruitment to the Z-ring requires functional FtsA or ZipA.; GO: 0000917 barrier septum formation, 0043093 cytokinesis by binary fission, 0005737 cytoplasm; PDB: 2JEE_A.
>PF10226 DUF2216: Uncharacterized conserved proteins (DUF2216); InterPro: IPR019359 Proteins in this entry are found in Metazoa and contain a coiled-coil domain
Members of this family are small proteins, typically 73 amino acids in length, with single copies in each of several Proteobacteria, including Xylella fastidiosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas campestris. The function is unknown.
>PRK13922 rod shape-determining protein MreC; Provisional
This model represents FtsL, both forms similar to that in E. coli and similar to that in B. subtilis. FtsL is one of the later proteins active in cell division septum formation. FtsL is small, low in complexity, and highly divergent. The scope of this model is broader than that of the Pfam model pfam04999.3 for FtsL, as this one includes FtsL from Bacillus subtilis and related species.
>PF04508 Pox_A_type_inc: Viral A-type inclusion protein repeat ; InterPro: IPR007596 The repeat is found in the A-type inclusion protein of the Poxvirus family []
>PF07716 bZIP_2: Basic region leucine zipper; InterPro: IPR011700 The basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors [, ] of eukaryotes are proteins that contain a basic region mediating sequence-specific DNA-binding, followed by a leucine zipper region (see IPR002158 from INTERPRO), which is required for dimerization
Chibby(Cby) is a well-conserved nuclear protein that functions as part of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Specifically, Cby binds directly to beta-catenin by interacting with its central region, which harbors armadillo repeats. Cby-beta-catenin interactions may also involve 14-3-3 proteins. By competing with other binding partners of beta-catenin, the Tcf/Lef transcription factors, Cby inhibits transcriptional activation. Cby has been shown to play a role in adipocyte differentiation. The C-terminal region of Cby appears to contain an alpha-helical coiled-coil motif.
>PF06005 DUF904: Protein of unknown function (DUF904); InterPro: IPR009252 Cell division protein ZapB is a non-essential, abundant cell division factor that is required for proper Z-ring formation
It is recruited early to the divisome by direct interaction with FtsZ, stimulating Z-ring assembly and thereby promoting cell division earlier in the cell cycle. Its recruitment to the Z-ring requires functional FtsA or ZipA.; GO: 0000917 barrier septum formation, 0043093 cytokinesis by binary fission, 0005737 cytoplasm; PDB: 2JEE_A.
>PF04380 BMFP: Membrane fusogenic activity; InterPro: IPR007475 BMFP consists of two structural domains, a coiled-coil C-terminal domain via which the protein self-associates as a trimer, and an N-terminal domain disordered at neutral pH but adopting an amphipathic alpha-helical structure in the presence of phospholipid vesicles, high ionic strength, acidic pH or SDS
BMFP interacts with phospholipid vesicles though the predicted amphipathic alpha-helix induced in the N-terminal half of the protein and promotes aggregation and fusion of vesicles in vitro.
>PF03980 Nnf1: Nnf1 ; InterPro: IPR007128 NNF1 is an essential yeast gene required for proper spindle orientation, nucleolar and nuclear envelope structure and mRNA export []
MreC (murein formation C) is involved in the rod shape determination in E. coli, and more generally in cell shape determination of bacteria whether or not they are rod-shaped. Cells defective in MreC are round. Species with MreC include many of the Proteobacteria, Gram-positives, and spirochetes.
>TIGR01837 PHA_granule_1 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) granule-associated protein
This model describes a domain found in some proteins associated with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules in a subset of species that have PHA inclusion granules. Included are two tandem proteins of Pseudomonas oleovorans, PhaI and PhaF, and their homologs in related species. PhaF proteins have a low-complexity C-terminal region with repeats similar to AAAKP.
>PF14193 DUF4315: Domain of unknown function (DUF4315)
In a subset of endospore-forming members of the Firmcutes, members of this protein family are found, several to a genome. Two very strongly conserved sequences regions are separated by a highly variable linker region. Much of the linker region was excised from the seed alignment for this model. A characterized member is the prespore-specific transcription RsfA from Bacillus subtilis, previously called YwfN, which is controlled by sigma factor F and seems to fine-tune expression of some genes in the sigma-F regulon. A paralog in Bacillus subtilis is designated YlbO.
>PF15619 Lebercilin: Ciliary protein causing Leber congenital amaurosis disease
The majority of the plant MADS proteins share a stereotypical MIKC structure. It comprises (from N- to C-terminal) an N-terminal domain, which is, however, present only in a minority of proteins; a MADS domain (see PDOC00302 from PROSITEDOC, IPR002100 from INTERPRO), which is the major determinant of DNA-binding but which also performs dimerisation and accessory factor binding functions; a weakly conserved intervening (I) domain, which constitutes a key molecular determinant for the selective formation of DNA-binding dimers; a keratin-like (K-box) domain, which promotes protein dimerisation; and a C-terminal (C) domain, which is involved in transcriptional activation or in the formation of ternary or quaternary protein complexes. The 80-amino acid K-box domain was originally identified as a region with low but significant similarity to a region of keratin, which is part of the coiled-coil sequence constituting the central rod-shaped domain of keratin [, , ]. The K-box protein-protein interaction domain which mediates heterodimerization of MIKC-type MADS proteins contains several heptad repeats in which the first and the fourth positions are occupied by hydrophobic amino acids suggesting that the K-box domain forms three amphipathic alpha-helices referred to as K1, K2, and K3 [].; GO: 0003700 sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, 0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, 0005634 nucleus
>PF03148 Tektin: Tektin family; InterPro: IPR000435 Tektin heteropolymers form unique protofilaments of flagellar microtubules []
The proteins are predicted to form extended rods composed of 2 alpha- helical segments (~180 residues long) capable of forming coiled coils, interrupted by non-helical linkers []. The 2 segments are similar in sequence, indicating a gene duplication event. Along each tektin rod, cysteine residues occur with a periodicity of ~8nm, coincident with the axial repeat of tubulin dimers in microtubules []. It is proposed that the assembly of tektin heteropolymers produces filaments with repeats of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 96nm, generating the basis for the complex spatial arrangements of axonemal components [].; GO: 0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization, 0005874 microtubule
>PF07716 bZIP_2: Basic region leucine zipper; InterPro: IPR011700 The basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors [, ] of eukaryotes are proteins that contain a basic region mediating sequence-specific DNA-binding, followed by a leucine zipper region (see IPR002158 from INTERPRO), which is required for dimerization
>PF10224 DUF2205: Predicted coiled-coil protein (DUF2205); InterPro: IPR019357 This entry represents a highly conserved 100 residue region which is likely to have a coiled-coil structure
>PF04977 DivIC: Septum formation initiator; InterPro: IPR007060 DivIC, from the spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is necessary for both vegetative and sporulation septum formation []
These proteins are mainly composed of an N-terminal coiled-coil. DivIB, DivIC and FtsL inter-depend on each other for stabilisation and localisation. The latter two form a heterodimer. DivIC is always centre cell but the other two associate with it during septation [].; GO: 0007049 cell cycle
>PF07407 Seadorna_VP6: Seadornavirus VP6 protein; InterPro: IPR009982 This family consists of several VP6 proteins from the Banna virus as well as a related protein VP5 from the Kadipiro virus
Members of this family are typically of around 420 residues in length. The function of this family is unknown.
>PF00170 bZIP_1: bZIP transcription factor cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein signature fos transforming protein signature jun transcription factor signature; InterPro: IPR011616 The basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors [, ] of eukaryotic are proteins that contain a basic region mediating sequence-specific DNA-binding followed by a leucine zipper region (see IPR002158 from INTERPRO) required for dimerization
; GO: 0003700 sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, 0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding, 0046983 protein dimerization activity, 0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; PDB: 2H7H_B 2OQQ_B 1S9K_E 1JNM_A 1JUN_A 1FOS_H 1A02_J 1T2K_C 1CI6_A 1DH3_C ....
>PF08614 ATG16: Autophagy protein 16 (ATG16); InterPro: IPR013923 Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells
In yeast, 15 Apg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. No molecule involved in autophagy has yet been identified in higher eukaryotes []. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Apg proteins: Apg1p, Apg2p, Apg5p, Aut7p/Apg8p and Apg16p. It is found in the vacuole []. The C-terminal glycine of Apg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Apg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Auotphagy protein 16 (Apg16) has been shown to be bind to Apg5 and is required for the function of the Apg12p-Apg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Apg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway []. This entry represents auotphagy protein 16 (Apg16), which is required for the function of the Apg12p-Apg5p conjugate.; PDB: 3A7O_D 3A7P_B.
>PF01486 K-box: K-box region; InterPro: IPR002487 MADS genes in plants encode key developmental regulators of vegetative and reproductive development
The majority of the plant MADS proteins share a stereotypical MIKC structure. It comprises (from N- to C-terminal) an N-terminal domain, which is, however, present only in a minority of proteins; a MADS domain (see PDOC00302 from PROSITEDOC, IPR002100 from INTERPRO), which is the major determinant of DNA-binding but which also performs dimerisation and accessory factor binding functions; a weakly conserved intervening (I) domain, which constitutes a key molecular determinant for the selective formation of DNA-binding dimers; a keratin-like (K-box) domain, which promotes protein dimerisation; and a C-terminal (C) domain, which is involved in transcriptional activation or in the formation of ternary or quaternary protein complexes. The 80-amino acid K-box domain was originally identified as a region with low but significant similarity to a region of keratin, which is part of the coiled-coil sequence constituting the central rod-shaped domain of keratin [, , ]. The K-box protein-protein interaction domain which mediates heterodimerization of MIKC-type MADS proteins contains several heptad repeats in which the first and the fourth positions are occupied by hydrophobic amino acids suggesting that the K-box domain forms three amphipathic alpha-helices referred to as K1, K2, and K3 [].; GO: 0003700 sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, 0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, 0005634 nucleus
>PRK00888 ftsB cell division protein FtsB; Reviewed
>PF07106 TBPIP: Tat binding protein 1(TBP-1)-interacting protein (TBPIP); InterPro: IPR010776 This family consists of several eukaryotic TBP-1 interacting protein (TBPIP) sequences
TBP-1 has been demonstrated to interact with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein Tat, then modulate the essential replication process of HIV. In addition, TBP-1 has been shown to be a component of the 26S proteasome, a basic multiprotein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins in an ATP-dependent fashion. Human TBPIP interacts with human TBP-1 then modulates the inhibitory action of human TBP-1 on HIV-Tat-mediated transactivation [].
>COG3074 Uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria [Function unknown]
>PF04380 BMFP: Membrane fusogenic activity; InterPro: IPR007475 BMFP consists of two structural domains, a coiled-coil C-terminal domain via which the protein self-associates as a trimer, and an N-terminal domain disordered at neutral pH but adopting an amphipathic alpha-helical structure in the presence of phospholipid vesicles, high ionic strength, acidic pH or SDS
BMFP interacts with phospholipid vesicles though the predicted amphipathic alpha-helix induced in the N-terminal half of the protein and promotes aggregation and fusion of vesicles in vitro.
>PF07558 Shugoshin_N: Shugoshin N-terminal coiled-coil region; InterPro: IPR011516 This entry represents the N-terminal domain of Shugoshin (Sgo1) kinetochore-attachment proteins
Shugoshin has a conserved coiled-coil N-terminal domain and a highly conserved C-terminal basic region (IPR011515 from INTERPRO). Shugoshin is a crucial target of Bub1 kinase that plays a central role in chromosome cohesion during mitosis and meiosis divisions by preventing premature dissociation of cohesin complex from centromeres after prophase, when most of cohesin complex dissociates from chromosomes arms [, ]. Shugoshin is thought to act by protecting Rec8 and Rad21 at the centromeres from separase degradation during anaphase I (during meiosis) so that sister chromatids remain tethered []. Shugoshin also acts as a spindle checkpoint component required for sensing tension between sister chromatids during mitosis, its degradation when they separate preventing cell cycle arrest and chromosome loss in anaphase, a time when sister chromatids are no longer under tension. Human shugoshin is diffusible and mediates kinetochore-driven formation of kinetochore-microtubules during bipolar spindle assembly []. Further, the primary role of shugoshin is to ensure bipolar attachment of kinetochores, and its role in protecting cohesion has co-developed to facilitate this process [].; GO: 0045132 meiotic chromosome segregation, 0000775 chromosome, centromeric region, 0005634 nucleus; PDB: 3FGA_D.
>cd04779 HTH_MerR-like_sg4 Helix-Turn-Helix DNA binding domain of putative transcription regulators from the MerR superfamily
Putative helix-turn-helix (HTH) MerR-like transcription regulators (subgroup 4). Based on sequence similarity, these proteins are predicted to function as transcription regulators that mediate responses to stress in eubacteria. They belong to the MerR superfamily of transcription regulators that promote transcription of various stress regulons by reconfiguring the operator sequence located between the -35 and -10 promoter elements. A typical MerR regulator is comprised of two distinct domains that harbor the regulatory (effector-binding) site and the active (DNA-binding) site. Their N-terminal domains are homologous and contain a DNA-binding winged HTH motif, while the C-terminal domains are often dissimilar and bind specific coactivator molecules such as metal ions, drugs, and organic substrates.
>PRK14872 rod shape-determining protein MreC; Provisional
>PF09738 DUF2051: Double stranded RNA binding protein (DUF2051); InterPro: IPR019139 This entry represents transcriptional repressors which preferentially bind to the GC-rich consensus sequence (5'-AGCCCCCGGCG-3') and may regulate expression of TNF, EGFR and PDGFA
They may control smooth muscle cell proliferation following artery injury through PDGFA repression and may also bind double-stranded RNA. They interact with the leucine-rich repeat domain of human flightless-I (FliI) protein.
>TIGR02894 DNA_bind_RsfA transcription factor, RsfA family
In a subset of endospore-forming members of the Firmcutes, members of this protein family are found, several to a genome. Two very strongly conserved sequences regions are separated by a highly variable linker region. Much of the linker region was excised from the seed alignment for this model. A characterized member is the prespore-specific transcription RsfA from Bacillus subtilis, previously called YwfN, which is controlled by sigma factor F and seems to fine-tune expression of some genes in the sigma-F regulon. A paralog in Bacillus subtilis is designated YlbO.
>PF13600 DUF4140: N-terminal domain of unknown function (DUF4140)
>PF04999 FtsL: Cell division protein FtsL; InterPro: IPR007082 In Escherichia coli, nine gene products are known to be essential for assembly of the division septum
One of these, FtsL, is a bitopic membrane protein whose precise function is not understood. It has been proposed that FtsL interacts with the DivIC protein IPR007060 from INTERPRO [], however this interaction may be indirect [].; GO: 0007049 cell cycle, 0016021 integral to membrane
>PF00038 Filament: Intermediate filament protein; InterPro: IPR016044 Intermediate filaments (IF) [, , ] are proteins which are primordial components of the cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope
They generally form filamentous structures 8 to 14 nm wide. IF proteins are members of a very large multigene family of proteins which has been subdivided in five major subgroups: Type I: Acidic cytokeratins. Type II: Basic cytokeratins. Type III: Vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), peripherin, and plasticin. Type IV: Neurofilaments L, H and M, alpha-internexin and nestin. Type V: Nuclear lamins A, B1, B2 and C. All IF proteins are structurally similar in that they consist of: a central rod domain comprising some 300 to 350 residues which is arranged in coiled-coiled alpha-helices, with at least two short characteristic interruptions; a N-terminal non-helical domain (head) of variable length; and a C-terminal domain (tail) which is also non-helical, and which shows extreme length variation between different IF proteins. While IF proteins are evolutionary and structurally related, they have limited sequence homologies except in several regions of the rod domain. This entry represents the central rod domain found in IF proteins.; PDB: 3TNU_B 3KLT_D 1GK4_F 3TRT_A 3G1E_A 3UF1_C 1GK6_B 1GK7_A 3TYY_B 3V4W_A ....
>PRK15422 septal ring assembly protein ZapB; Provisional
>2yy0_A C-MYC-binding protein; conserved hypothetical protein, structural genomics, NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and functional analyses; 2.40A {Homo sapiens}
>2oxj_A Hybrid alpha/beta peptide based on the GCN4-P1 Se heptad positions B and F substituted...; helix bundle, foldamer, unknown function; HET: B3K B3D B3E B3S B3Y B3X B3A BAL; 2.00A {Synthetic} PDB: 2oxk_A*
>2yy0_A C-MYC-binding protein; conserved hypothetical protein, structural genomics, NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and functional analyses; 2.40A {Homo sapiens}
>3c3g_A Alpha/beta peptide with the GCN4-PLI SIDE chain S AN (alpha-alpha-beta) backbone; helix bundle, foldamer, unknown function protein; HET: HMR B3Q B3D B3E B3L BIL B3K BAL GOL; 1.80A {Synthetic} PDB: 3heu_A* 3het_A* 3hev_A* 3hew_A* 3hey_A* 3hex_A* 3c3h_A*
>3c3f_A Alpha/beta peptide with the GCN4-PLI SIDE chain S AN (alpha-alpha-alpha-beta) backbone...; helix bundle, foldamer, unknown function, de novo protein; HET: B3K B3D B3E BIL B3L BAL; 2.00A {Synthetic} SCOP: h.1.3.1
