>gi|37704437|gb|AAR01523.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3B, partial [Nicotiana tabacum] gi|37704439|gb|AAR01524.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3B, partial [Nicotiana tabacum] gi|37704441|gb|AAR01525.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3B, partial [Nicotiana tabacum] gi|37704443|gb|AAR01526.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3B, partial [Nicotiana tabacum]
>gi|37704433|gb|AAR01521.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3A, partial [Nicotiana tabacum] gi|37704435|gb|AAR01522.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3A, partial [Nicotiana tabacum] gi|37704447|gb|AAR01528.1| cytosolic class I small heat shock protein 3D, partial [Nicotiana tabacum]
>gnl|CDD|107229 cd06472, ACD_ScHsp26_like, Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) small heat shock protein (Hsp)26 and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. ScHsp26 is temperature-regulated, it switches from an inactive to a chaperone-active form upon elevation in temperature. It associates into large 24-mers storage forms which upon heat shock disassociate into dimers. These dimers initiate the interaction with non-native substrate proteins and re-assemble into large globular assemblies having one monomer of substrate bound per dimer. This group also contains Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) Hsp15.7, a peroxisomal matrix protein which can complement the morphological phenotype of S. cerevisiae mutants deficient in Hsps26. AthHsp15.7 is minimally expressed under normal conditions and is strongly induced by heat and oxidative stress. Also belonging to this group is wheat HSP16.9 which differs in quaternary structure from the shell-type particles of ScHsp26, it assembles as a dodecameric double disc, with each disc organized as a trimer of dimers. Length = 92
>gnl|CDD|215655 pfam00011, HSP20, Hsp20/alpha crystallin family
Score = 101 bits (254), Expect = 1e-29
Identities = 51/90 (56%), Positives = 71/90 (78%), Gaps = 2/90 (2%)
Query: 9 NLTETPEAHVFKTDLPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGMF 68
++ ET +A+V + DLPG +KE++KVEVED VL ISG+R E+E++ + + R ERS G F
Sbjct: 1 DVYETDDAYVVEADLPGFKKEDIKVEVEDG-VLTISGEREEEEEEE-ENYLRRERSYGSF 58
Query: 69 SRRFRLPENVKMDQIKASMESGVLTVTVPK 98
SR FRLPE+V D+IKAS+E+GVLT+T+PK
Sbjct: 59 SRSFRLPEDVDPDKIKASLENGVLTITLPK 88
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps. Length = 88
Score = 92.1 bits (229), Expect = 3e-25
Identities = 41/105 (39%), Positives = 67/105 (63%), Gaps = 1/105 (0%)
Query: 8 INLTETPEAHVFKTDLPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGM 67
+++ ET + + +LPG+ KE++++ VE + + I G+R E+E++ + + R ER+ G
Sbjct: 43 VDIEETDDEYRITAELPGVDKEDIEITVEGNTLT-IRGEREEEEEEEEEGYLRRERAYGE 101
Query: 68 FSRRFRLPENVKMDQIKASMESGVLTVTVPKVEVTKPDVKAIEIS 112
F R FRLPE V + IKA ++G+LTVT+PK E + K IEI
Sbjct: 102 FERTFRLPEKVDPEVIKAKYKNGLLTVTLPKAEPEEKKPKRIEIE 146
Length = 146
>gnl|CDD|107228 cd06471, ACD_LpsHSP_like, Group of bacterial proteins containing an alpha crystallin domain (ACD) similar to Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) small heat shock proteins (sHsp) HSP 18
Score = 84.5 bits (210), Expect = 8e-23
Identities = 39/89 (43%), Positives = 58/89 (65%), Gaps = 4/89 (4%)
Query: 12 ETPEAHVFKTDLPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKE--DKNDTWHRVERSSGMFS 69
ET + ++ + DLPG +KE++K++ +D L IS +R+ K+ DK + R ER G FS
Sbjct: 7 ETDDEYIVEADLPGFKKEDIKLDYKDG-YLTISAKRDESKDEKDKKGNYIRRERYYGSFS 65
Query: 70 RRFRLPENVKMDQIKASMESGVLTVTVPK 98
R F LP NV ++IKA E+GVL +T+PK
Sbjct: 66 RSFYLP-NVDEEEIKAKYENGVLKITLPK 93
5, HSP 18.55 and HSP 19.3. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Transcription of the genes encoding Lp HSP 18.5, 18.55 and 19.3 is regulated by a variety of stresses including heat, cold and ethanol. Early growing L. plantarum cells contain elevated levels of these mRNAs which rapidly fall of as the cells enter stationary phase. Also belonging to this group is Bifidobacterium breve (Bb) HSP20 and Oenococcus oenis (syn. Leuconostoc oenos) (Oo) HSP18. Transcription of the gene encoding BbHSP20 is strongly induced following heat or osmotic shock, and that of the gene encoding OoHSP18 following heat, ethanol or acid shock. OoHSP18 is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. Length = 93
>gnl|CDD|107219 cd00298, ACD_sHsps_p23-like, This domain family includes the alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) of alpha-crystallin-type small heat shock proteins (sHsps) and a similar domain found in p23-like proteins
Score = 76.9 bits (190), Expect = 6e-20
Identities = 42/88 (47%), Positives = 58/88 (65%), Gaps = 9/88 (10%)
Query: 11 TETPEAHVFKTDLPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGMFSR 70
+T + V DLPG++KE++KVEVED+ L ISG+R E+E ERS G F R
Sbjct: 2 YQTDDEVVVTVDLPGVKKEDIKVEVEDNV-LTISGKREEEEE--------RERSYGEFER 52
Query: 71 RFRLPENVKMDQIKASMESGVLTVTVPK 98
F LPE+V ++ KAS+E+GVL +T+PK
Sbjct: 53 SFELPEDVDPEKSKASLENGVLEITLPK 80
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is this ACD. sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps. p23 is a cochaperone of the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway. It binds Hsp90 and participates in the folding of a number of Hsp90 clients including the progesterone receptor. p23 also has a passive chaperoning activity. p23 in addition may act as the cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase. Included in this family is the p23-like C-terminal CHORD-SGT1 (CS) domain of suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1 (Sgt1) and the p23-like domains of human butyrate-induced transcript 1 (hB-ind1), NUD (nuclear distribution) C, Melusin, and NAD(P)H cytochrome b5 (NCB5) oxidoreductase (OR). Length = 80
Score = 58.7 bits (143), Expect = 8e-13
Identities = 28/78 (35%), Positives = 47/78 (60%), Gaps = 9/78 (11%)
Query: 22 DLPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGMFSRRFRLPENVKMD 81
D+ G + EE+KV+V D++++ + G+ E++ D V R F+RR++LPE V D
Sbjct: 14 DVKGFKPEELKVKVSDNKLV-VEGKH----EEREDEHGYVSRE---FTRRYQLPEGVDPD 65
Query: 82 QIKASM-ESGVLTVTVPK 98
+ +S+ GVLT+ PK
Sbjct: 66 SVTSSLSSDGVLTIEAPK 83
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps. Length = 83
>gnl|CDD|107227 cd06470, ACD_IbpA-B_like, Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in Escherichia coli inclusion body-associated proteins IbpA and IbpB, and similar proteins
Score = 51.8 bits (125), Expect = 4e-10
Identities = 20/72 (27%), Positives = 45/72 (62%), Gaps = 4/72 (5%)
Query: 23 LPGLRKEEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGMFSRRFRLPENVKMDQ 82
+ G ++++++EVE++ L ++G++ E+ ++ + HR + F R F L ++VK+
Sbjct: 19 VAGFSEDDLEIEVENN-QLTVTGKKADEENEEREYLHR-GIAKRAFERSFNLADHVKVKG 76
Query: 83 IKASMESGVLTV 94
A +E+G+LT+
Sbjct: 77 --AELENGLLTI 86
IbpA and IbpB are 16 kDa small heat shock proteins (sHsps). sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. IbpA and IbpB are produced during high-level production of various heterologous proteins, specifically human prorenin, renin and bovine insulin-like growth factor 2 (bIGF-2), and are strongly associated with inclusion bodies containing these heterologous proteins. IbpA and IbpB work as an integrated system to stabilize thermally aggregated proteins in a disaggregation competent state. The chaperone activity of IbpB is also significantly elevated as the temperature increases from normal to heat shock. The high temperature results in the disassociation of 2-3-MDa IbpB oligomers into smaller approximately 600-kDa structures. This elevated activity seen under heat shock conditions is retained for an extended period of time after the temperature is returned to normal. IbpA also forms multimers. Length = 90
>gnl|CDD|107233 cd06478, ACD_HspB4-5-6, Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20
Score = 37.0 bits (86), Expect = 2e-04
Identities = 25/71 (35%), Positives = 39/71 (54%), Gaps = 9/71 (12%)
Query: 29 EEVKVEVEDDRVLQISGQRNIEKEDKNDTWHRVERSSGMFSRRFRLPENVKMDQIKASME 88
EE+ V+V D V +I G+ E++ D + R F RR+RLP V I +S+
Sbjct: 21 EELSVKVLGDFV-EIHGKH----EERQDEHGFISRE---FHRRYRLPPGVDPAAITSSLS 72
Query: 89 S-GVLTVTVPK 98
+ GVLT++ P+
Sbjct: 73 ADGVLTISGPR 83
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation and demyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy. Mutations in HspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). HspB6 (Hsp20) is ubiquitous and is involved in diverse functions including regulation of glucose transport and contraction of smooth muscle, in platelet aggregation, in cardioprotection, and in the prevention of apoptosis. It interacts with the universal scaffolding and adaptor protein 14-3-3, and also with the proapoptotic protein Bax. Length = 83
>gnl|CDD|107245 cd06497, ACD_alphaA-crystallin_HspB4, Alpha-crystallin domain found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaA-crystallin (HspB4, 20kDa)
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 does not belong to this group. Mutations inHspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). The chaperone-like functions of HspB4 are considered important for maintaining lens transparency and preventing cataract. Length = 86
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. ScHsp26 is temperature-regulated, it switches from an inactive to a chaperone-active form upon elevation in temperature. It associates into large 24-mers storage forms which upon heat shock disassociate into dimers. These dimers initiate the interaction with non-native substrate proteins and re-assemble into large globular assemblies having one monomer of substrate bound per dimer. This group also contains Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) Hsp15.7, a peroxisomal matrix protein which can complement the morphological phenotype of S. cerevisiae mutants deficient in Hsps26. AthHsp15.7 is minimally expressed under normal conditions and is strongly induced by heat and oxidative st
>PF00011 HSP20: Hsp20/alpha crystallin family This prints entry is a subset of the Pfam entry
; InterPro: IPR002068 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms respond to heat shock or other environmental stress by inducing the synthesis of proteins collectively known as heat-shock proteins (hsp) []. Amongst them is a family of proteins with an average molecular weight of 20 Kd, known as the hsp20 proteins []. These seem to act as chaperones that can protect other proteins against heat-induced denaturation and aggregation. Hsp20 proteins seem to form large heterooligomeric aggregates. Structurally, this family is characterised by the presence of a conserved C-terminal domain of about 100 residues.; PDB: 2BOL_B 3N3E_B 2H50_P 2H53_F 2BYU_L 1GME_D 3VQM_J 3VQK_E 3VQL_A 3AAC_A ....
>cd06471 ACD_LpsHSP_like Group of bacterial proteins containing an alpha crystallin domain (ACD) similar to Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) small heat shock proteins (sHsp) HSP 18
5, HSP 18.55 and HSP 19.3. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Transcription of the genes encoding Lp HSP 18.5, 18.55 and 19.3 is regulated by a variety of stresses including heat, cold and ethanol. Early growing L. plantarum cells contain elevated levels of these mRNAs which rapidly fall of as the cells enter stationary phase. Also belonging to this group is Bifidobacterium breve (Bb) HSP20 and Oenococcus oenis (syn. Leuconostoc oenos) (Oo) HSP18. Transcription of the gene encoding BbHSP20 is strongly induced following heat or osmotic shock, and that of the gene encoding OoHSP18 following heat, ethanol or acid shock. OoHSP18 is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic me
>cd06470 ACD_IbpA-B_like Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in Escherichia coli inclusion body-associated proteins IbpA and IbpB, and similar proteins
IbpA and IbpB are 16 kDa small heat shock proteins (sHsps). sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. IbpA and IbpB are produced during high-level production of various heterologous proteins, specifically human prorenin, renin and bovine insulin-like growth factor 2 (bIGF-2), and are strongly associated with inclusion bodies containing these heterologous proteins. IbpA and IbpB work as an integrated system to stabilize thermally aggregated proteins in a disaggregation competent state. The chaperone activity of IbpB is also significantly elevated as the temperature increases from normal to heat shock. The high temperature results in the disassociation of 2-3-MDa IbpB oligomers into smaller approximately 6
>cd06497 ACD_alphaA-crystallin_HspB4 Alpha-crystallin domain found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaA-crystallin (HspB4, 20kDa)
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 does not belong to this group. Mutations inHspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). The chaperone-like functions of HspB4 are considered important for maintaining lens transparency and preventing cataract.
>cd06498 ACD_alphaB-crystallin_HspB5 Alpha-crystallin domain found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaB-crystallin (HspB5, 20kDa)
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. HspB4 does not belong to this group. HspB5 shows increased synthesis in response to stress. HspB5 is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. Its functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activ
>cd06478 ACD_HspB4-5-6 Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its ol
>cd06479 ACD_HspB7_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB7, also known as cardiovascular small heat shock protein (cvHsp), and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB7 is a 25-kDa protein, preferentially expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. It binds the cytoskeleton protein alpha-filamin (also known as actin-binding protein 280). The expression of HspB7 is increased during rat muscle aging. Its expression is also modulated in obesity implicating this protein in this and related metabolic disorders. As the human gene encoding HspB7 is mapped to chromosome 1p36.23-p34.3 it is a positional candidate for several dystrophies and myopathies.
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps.
>cd06481 ACD_HspB9_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB9 and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB9 is expressed exclusively in the normal testis and in various tumor samples and is a cancer/testis antigen. hHspB9 interacts with TCTEL1 (T-complex testis expressed protein -1), a subunit of dynein. hHspB9 and TCTEL1 are co-expressed in similar cells within the testis and in tumor cells. Included in this group is Xenopus Hsp30, a developmentally-regulated heat-inducible molecular chaperone.
>cd06476 ACD_HspB2_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB2/heat shock 27kDa protein 2 and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB2 is preferentially and constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. HspB2 shows homooligomeric activity and forms aggregates in muscle cytosol. Although its expression is not induced by heat shock, it redistributes to the insoluble fraction in response to heat shock. In the mouse heart, HspB2 plays a role in maintaining energetic balance, by protecting cardiac energetics during ischemia/reperfusion, and allowing for increased work during acute inotropic challenge. hHspB2 [previously also known as myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) binding protein (MKBP)] is selectively up-regulated in skeletal muscles from myotonic dystrophy patients.
>cd06475 ACD_HspB1_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small (s)heat shock protein (Hsp)-27 (also denoted HspB1 in human) and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Hsp27 shows enhanced synthesis in response to stress. It is a molecular chaperone which interacts with a large number of different proteins. It is found in many types of human cells including breast, uterus, cervix, platelets and cancer cells. Hsp27 has diverse cellular functions including, chaperoning, regulation of actin polymerization, keratinocyte differentiation, regulation of inflammatory pathways in keratinocytes, and protection from oxidative stress through modulating glutathione levels. It is also a subunit of AUF1-containing protein complexes. It has been linked to several transduction pathways regulating cellular functions including differentiat
>cd06482 ACD_HspB10 Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB10, also known as sperm outer dense fiber protein (ODFP), and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB10 occurs exclusively in the axoneme of sperm cells and may have a cytoskeletal role.
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps.
>cd06477 ACD_HspB3_Like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian HspB3, also known as heat-shock protein 27-like protein (HSPL27, 17-kDa) and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB3 is expressed in adult skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart, and in several other fetal tissues. In muscle cells HspB3 forms an oligomeric 150 kDa complex with myotonic dystrophy protein kinase-binding protein (MKBP/ HspB2), this complex may comprise one of two independent muscle-cell specific chaperone systems. The expression of HspB3 is induced during muscle differentiation controlled by the myogenic factor MyoD. HspB3 may also interact with Hsp22 (HspB8).
>KOG0710 consensus Molecular chaperone (small heat-shock protein Hsp26/Hsp42) [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
6 KDa small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB8, also denoted as Hsp22 in humans, and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. A chaperone complex formed of HspB8 and Bag3 stimulates degradation of protein complexes by macroautophagy. HspB8 also forms complexes with Hsp27 (HspB1), MKBP (HspB2), HspB3, alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), Hsp20 (HspB6), and cvHsp (HspB7). These latter interactions may depend on phosphorylation of the respective partner sHsp. HspB8 may participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Point mutations in HspB8 have been correlated with the development of several congenital neurological diseases, including Charcot Marie tooth disease and distal motor neuropathy type II.
>KOG3591 consensus Alpha crystallins [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
>cd00298 ACD_sHsps_p23-like This domain family includes the alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) of alpha-crystallin-type small heat shock proteins (sHsps) and a similar domain found in p23-like proteins
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is this ACD. sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps. p23 is a cochaperone of the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway. It binds Hsp90 and participates in the folding of a number of Hsp90 clients including the progesterone receptor. p23 also has a passive chaperoning activity. p23 in addition may act as the cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase. Included in this family is the p23-like C-terminal CHORD-SGT1 (CS) domain of suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1 (Sgt1) and the p23-like domains of human butyrate-induced transcript 1 (hB-ind
>cd06469 p23_DYX1C1_like p23_like domain found in proteins similar to dyslexia susceptibility 1 (DYX1) candidate 1 (C1) protein, DYX1C1
The human gene encoding this protein is a positional candidate gene for developmental dyslexia (DD), it is located on 15q21.3 by the DYX1 DD susceptibility locus (15q15-21). Independent association studies have reported conflicting results. However, association of short-term memory, which plays a role in DD, with a variant within the DYX1C1 gene has been reported. Most proteins belonging to this group contain a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein binding region.
>PF05455 GvpH: GvpH; InterPro: IPR008633 This family consists of archaeal GvpH proteins which are thought to be involved in gas vesicle synthesis []
Both are co-chaperones for the heat shock protein (Hsp) 90. p23 binds Hsp90 and participates in the folding of a number of Hsp90 clients, including the progesterone receptor. p23 also has a passive chaperoning activity and in addition may participate in prostaglandin synthesis. Both p23 and Sba1p can regulate telomerase activity. This group includes domains similar to the C-terminal CHORD-SGT1 (CS) domain of suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1 (Sgt1). Sgt1 interacts with multiple protein complexes and has the features of a co-chaperone. Human (h) Sgt1 interacts with both Hsp70 and Hsp90, and has been shown to bind Hsp90 through its CS domain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) Sgt1 is a subunit of both core kinetochore and SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Sgt1 is required for pathogen resistance in plants. This group also includes the p23_like domains of
>cd06466 p23_CS_SGT1_like p23_like domain similar to the C-terminal CHORD-SGT1 (CS) domain of Sgt1 (suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1)
Sgt1 interacts with multiple protein complexes and has the features of a cochaperone. Human (h) Sgt1 interacts with both Hsp70 and Hsp90, and has been shown to bind Hsp90 through its CS domain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) Sgt1 is a subunit of both core kinetochore and SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Sgt1 is required for pathogen resistance in plants. ScSgt1 is needed for the G1/S and G2/M cell-cycle transitions, and for assembly of the core kinetochore complex (CBF3) via activation of Ctf13, the F-box protein. Binding of Hsp82 (a yeast Hsp90 homologue) to ScSgt1, promotes the binding of Sgt1 to Skp1 and of Skp1 to Ctf13. Some proteins in this group have an SGT1-specific (SGS) domain at the extreme C-terminus. The ScSgt1-SGS domain binds adenylate cyclase. The hSgt1-SGS domain interacts with some S100 family proteins, and studies sug
>PF04969 CS: CS domain; InterPro: IPR017447 The function of the CS domain is unknown
The CS domain is sometimes found C-terminal to the CHORD domain (IPR007051 from INTERPRO) in metazoan proteins, but occurs separately from the CHORD domain in plants. This association is thought to be indicative of an functional interaction between CS and CHORD domains [].; PDB: 1WGV_A 2KMW_A 2O30_B 1WH0_A 1EJF_A 2RH0_B 1RL1_A 2CR0_A 1WFI_A 2XCM_D ....
>cd06465 p23_hB-ind1_like p23_like domain found in human (h) butyrate-induced transcript 1 (B-ind1) and similar proteins
hB-ind1 participates in signaling by the small GTPase Rac1. It binds to Rac1 and enhances different Rac1 effects including activation of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). hB-ind1 also plays a part in the RNA replication and particle production of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) through its interaction with heat shock protein Hsp90, HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), and the immunophilin FKBP8. hB-ind1 is upregulated in the outer layer of Chinese hamster V79 cells grown as multicell spheroids, versus in the same cells grown as monolayers. This group includes the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sba1, a co-chaperone of the Hsp90. Sba1 has been shown to be is required for telomere length maintenance, and may modulate telomerase DNA-binding activity.
>cd06489 p23_CS_hSgt1_like p23_like domain similar to the C-terminal CS (CHORD-SGT1) domain of human (h) Sgt1 and related proteins
hSgt1 is a co-chaperone which has been shown to be elevated in HEp-2 cells as a result of stress conditions such as heat shock. It interacts with the heat shock proteins (HSPs) Hsp70 and Hsp90, and it expression pattern is synchronized with these two Hsps. The interaction with HSP90 has been shown to involve the hSgt1_CS domain, and appears to be required for correct kinetochore assembly and efficient cell division. Some proteins in this subgroup contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) HSP-binding domain N-terminal to this CS domain, and most proteins in this subgroup contain a Sgt1-specific (SGS) domain C-terminal to the CS domain. The SGS domain interacts with some S100 family proteins. Studies suggest that S100A6 modulates in a Ca2+ dependent manner the interactions of hSgt1 with Hsp90 and Hsp70. The yeast Sgt1 CS domain is not found in this subgroup.
Melusin's tail domain interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of beta1-A and beta1-D isoforms of beta1 integrin, it does not bind other integrin beta subunits. Melusin is a muscle-specific protein expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles but not in smooth muscle or other tissues. It is needed for heart hypertrophy following mechanical overload. The integrin-binding portion of this domain appears to be sequestered in the full length melusin protein, Ca2+ may modulate the protein's conformation exposing this binding site. This group includes Chordc1, also known as Chp-1, which is conserved from vertebrates to humans. Mammalian Chordc1 interacts with the heat shock protein (HSP) Hsp90 and is implicated in circadian and/or homeostatic mechanisms in the brain. The N-terminal portions of proteins belonging to this group contain two cysteine and histidine rich domain (C
>cd06468 p23_CacyBP p23_like domain found in proteins similar to Calcyclin-Binding Protein(CacyBP)/Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP)
CacyBP/SIP interacts with S100A6 (calcyclin), with some other members of the S100 family, with tubulin, and with Siah-1 and Skp-1. The latter two are components of the ubiquitin ligase that regulates beta-catenin degradation. The beta-catenin gene is an oncogene participating in tumorigenesis in many different cancers. Overexpression of CacyBP/SIP, in part through its effect on the expression of beta-catenin, inhibits the proliferation, tumorigenicity, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CacyBP/SIP is abundant in neurons and neuroblastoma NB2a cells. An extensive re-organization of microtubules accompanies the differentiation of NB2a cells. CacyBP/SIP may contribute to NB2a cell differentiation through binding to and increasing the oligomerization of tubulin. CacyBP/SIP is also implicated in differentiation of erythroid cells, rat neonatal cardiomyocytes
>cd06467 p23_NUDC_like p23_like domain of NUD (nuclear distribution) C and similar proteins
Aspergillus nidulas (An) NUDC is needed for nuclear movement. AnNUDC is localized at the hyphal cortex, and binds NUDF at spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and in the cytoplasm at different stages in the cell cycle. At the SPBs it is part of the dynein molecular motor/NUDF complex that regulates microtubule dynamics. Mammalian(m) NUDC associates both with the dynein complex and also with an anti-inflammatory enzyme, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase I, PAF-AH(I) complex, through binding mNUDF, the regulatory beta subunit of PAF-AH(I). mNUDC is important for cell proliferation both in normal and tumor tissues. Its expression is elevated in various cell types undergoing mitosis or stimulated to proliferate, with high expression levels observed in leukemic cells and tumors. For a leukemic cell line, human NUDC was shown to activate the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (Mpl) by binding to its ext
>cd00237 p23 p23 binds heat shock protein (Hsp)90 and participates in the folding of a number of Hsp90 clients, including the progesterone receptor
p23 also has a passive chaperoning activity and in addition may participate in prostaglandin synthesis.
>cd06493 p23_NUDCD1_like p23_NUDCD1: p23-like NUD (nuclear distribution) C-like domain found in human NUD (nuclear distribution) C domain-containing protein 1, NUDCD1 (also known as CML66), and similar proteins
NUDCD1/CML66 is a broadly immunogenic tumor associated antigen, which is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors and in leukemias. In normal tissues high expression of NUDCD1/CML66 is limited to testis and heart.
>cd06494 p23_NUDCD2_like p23-like NUD (nuclear distribution) C-like found in human NUDC domain-containing protein 2 (NUDCD2) and similar proteins
NCB5OR is widely expressed in human organs and tissues and is localized in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). It appears to play a critical role in maintaining viable pancreatic beta cells. Mice homozygous for a targeted knockout (KO) of the gene encoding NCB5OR develop an early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes phenotype with a non-inflammatory beta-cell deficiency. The role of NCB5OR in beta cells may be in maintaining or regulating their redox status. Proteins in this group in addition contain an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain and a C-terminal cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase domain. The gene encoding NCB5OR has been considered as a positional candidate for type II diabetes and other diabetes subtypes related to B-cell dysfunction, however variation in its coding region does not appear not to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of these diseases.
>cd06492 p23_mNUDC_like p23-like NUD (nuclear distribution) C-like domain of mammalian(m) NUDC and similar proteins
Mammalian(m) NUDC associates both with the dynein complex and also with an anti-inflammatory enzyme, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase I, PAF-AH(I) complex, through binding mNUDF, the regulatory beta subunit of PAF-AH(I). mNUDC is important for cell proliferation both in normal and tumor tissues. Its expression is elevated in various cell types undergoing mitosis or stimulated to proliferate, with high expression levels observed in leukemic cells and tumors. For a leukemic cell line, human NUDC was shown to activate the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (Mpl) by binding to its extracellular domain, and promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.
>cd06495 p23_NUDCD3_like p23-like NUD (nuclear distribution) C-like domain found in human NUDC domain-containing protein 3 (NUDCD3) and similar proteins
>cd06482 ACD_HspB10 Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB10, also known as sperm outer dense fiber protein (ODFP), and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB10 occurs exclusively in the axoneme of sperm cells and may have a cytoskeletal role.
>KOG3158 consensus HSP90 co-chaperone p23 [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
>cd06477 ACD_HspB3_Like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian HspB3, also known as heat-shock protein 27-like protein (HSPL27, 17-kDa) and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB3 is expressed in adult skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart, and in several other fetal tissues. In muscle cells HspB3 forms an oligomeric 150 kDa complex with myotonic dystrophy protein kinase-binding protein (MKBP/ HspB2), this complex may comprise one of two independent muscle-cell specific chaperone systems. The expression of HspB3 is induced during muscle differentiation controlled by the myogenic factor MyoD. HspB3 may also interact with Hsp22 (HspB8).
>cd06478 ACD_HspB4-5-6 Alpha-crystallin domain found in alphaA-crystallin (HspB4), alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), and the small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB6, also known as Hsp20
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 on the other hand is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. HspB5's functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its ol
>cd06470 ACD_IbpA-B_like Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in Escherichia coli inclusion body-associated proteins IbpA and IbpB, and similar proteins
IbpA and IbpB are 16 kDa small heat shock proteins (sHsps). sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. IbpA and IbpB are produced during high-level production of various heterologous proteins, specifically human prorenin, renin and bovine insulin-like growth factor 2 (bIGF-2), and are strongly associated with inclusion bodies containing these heterologous proteins. IbpA and IbpB work as an integrated system to stabilize thermally aggregated proteins in a disaggregation competent state. The chaperone activity of IbpB is also significantly elevated as the temperature increases from normal to heat shock. The high temperature results in the disassociation of 2-3-MDa IbpB oligomers into smaller approximately 6
>cd06497 ACD_alphaA-crystallin_HspB4 Alpha-crystallin domain found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaA-crystallin (HspB4, 20kDa)
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. Only trace amounts of HspB4 are found in tissues other than the lens. HspB5 does not belong to this group. Mutations inHspB4 have been associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract (ADCC). The chaperone-like functions of HspB4 are considered important for maintaining lens transparency and preventing cataract.
>cd06476 ACD_HspB2_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB2/heat shock 27kDa protein 2 and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB2 is preferentially and constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. HspB2 shows homooligomeric activity and forms aggregates in muscle cytosol. Although its expression is not induced by heat shock, it redistributes to the insoluble fraction in response to heat shock. In the mouse heart, HspB2 plays a role in maintaining energetic balance, by protecting cardiac energetics during ischemia/reperfusion, and allowing for increased work during acute inotropic challenge. hHspB2 [previously also known as myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) binding protein (MKBP)] is selectively up-regulated in skeletal muscles from myotonic dystrophy patients.
>cd06479 ACD_HspB7_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB7, also known as cardiovascular small heat shock protein (cvHsp), and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. HspB7 is a 25-kDa protein, preferentially expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. It binds the cytoskeleton protein alpha-filamin (also known as actin-binding protein 280). The expression of HspB7 is increased during rat muscle aging. Its expression is also modulated in obesity implicating this protein in this and related metabolic disorders. As the human gene encoding HspB7 is mapped to chromosome 1p36.23-p34.3 it is a positional candidate for several dystrophies and myopathies.
>KOG2265 consensus Nuclear distribution protein NUDC [Signal transduction mechanisms]
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700 kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. HspB4 does not belong to this group. HspB5 shows increased synthesis in response to stress. HspB5 is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibers, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. Its functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activ
>cd06471 ACD_LpsHSP_like Group of bacterial proteins containing an alpha crystallin domain (ACD) similar to Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) small heat shock proteins (sHsp) HSP 18
5, HSP 18.55 and HSP 19.3. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Transcription of the genes encoding Lp HSP 18.5, 18.55 and 19.3 is regulated by a variety of stresses including heat, cold and ethanol. Early growing L. plantarum cells contain elevated levels of these mRNAs which rapidly fall of as the cells enter stationary phase. Also belonging to this group is Bifidobacterium breve (Bb) HSP20 and Oenococcus oenis (syn. Leuconostoc oenos) (Oo) HSP18. Transcription of the gene encoding BbHSP20 is strongly induced following heat or osmotic shock, and that of the gene encoding OoHSP18 following heat, ethanol or acid shock. OoHSP18 is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic me
sHsps are small stress induced proteins with monomeric masses between 12 -43 kDa, whose common feature is the Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD). sHsps are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits, and are believed to be ATP-independent chaperones that prevent aggregation and are important in refolding in combination with other Hsps.
>PF13349 DUF4097: Domain of unknown function (DUF4097)
>cd06475 ACD_HspB1_like Alpha crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian small (s)heat shock protein (Hsp)-27 (also denoted HspB1 in human) and similar proteins
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Hsp27 shows enhanced synthesis in response to stress. It is a molecular chaperone which interacts with a large number of different proteins. It is found in many types of human cells including breast, uterus, cervix, platelets and cancer cells. Hsp27 has diverse cellular functions including, chaperoning, regulation of actin polymerization, keratinocyte differentiation, regulation of inflammatory pathways in keratinocytes, and protection from oxidative stress through modulating glutathione levels. It is also a subunit of AUF1-containing protein complexes. It has been linked to several transduction pathways regulating cellular functions including differentiat
sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. Human (h) HspB9 is expressed exclusively in the normal testis and in various tumor samples and is a cancer/testis antigen. hHspB9 interacts with TCTEL1 (T-complex testis expressed protein -1), a subunit of dynein. hHspB9 and TCTEL1 are co-expressed in similar cells within the testis and in tumor cells. Included in this group is Xenopus Hsp30, a developmentally-regulated heat-inducible molecular chaperone.
>PF08308 PEGA: PEGA domain; InterPro: IPR013229 This domain is found in both archaea and bacteria and has similarity to S-layer (surface layer) proteins
; InterPro: IPR002068 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms respond to heat shock or other environmental stress by inducing the synthesis of proteins collectively known as heat-shock proteins (hsp) []. Amongst them is a family of proteins with an average molecular weight of 20 Kd, known as the hsp20 proteins []. These seem to act as chaperones that can protect other proteins against heat-induced denaturation and aggregation. Hsp20 proteins seem to form large heterooligomeric aggregates. Structurally, this family is characterised by the presence of a conserved C-terminal domain of about 100 residues.; PDB: 2BOL_B 3N3E_B 2H50_P 2H53_F 2BYU_L 1GME_D 3VQM_J 3VQK_E 3VQL_A 3AAC_A ....
>cd06480 ACD_HspB8_like Alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in mammalian 21
6 KDa small heat shock protein (sHsp) HspB8, also denoted as Hsp22 in humans, and similar proteins. sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits. A chaperone complex formed of HspB8 and Bag3 stimulates degradation of protein complexes by macroautophagy. HspB8 also forms complexes with Hsp27 (HspB1), MKBP (HspB2), HspB3, alphaB-crystallin (HspB5), Hsp20 (HspB6), and cvHsp (HspB7). These latter interactions may depend on phosphorylation of the respective partner sHsp. HspB8 may participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Point mutations in HspB8 have been correlated with the development of several congenital neurological diseases, including Charcot Marie tooth disease and distal motor neuropathy type II.
>1rl1_A Suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 homolog; beta sandwich, 7 beta strands, similar to P23, lacking LAST beta strand SEEN in P23, protein degradation; NMR {Homo sapiens} SCOP: b.15.1.3
>3igf_A ALL4481 protein; two-domained protein consisting of the N-terminal alpha-beta the C-terminal all beta domain., structural genomics; 2.00A {Nostoc SP}
>1x5m_A Calcyclin-binding protein; CS domain, structural genomics, NPPSFA national project on protein structural and functional analyses; NMR {Homo sapiens}
>2kmw_A Uncharacterized protein AT3G03773; protein structure initiative, center for eukaryotic structural genomics, CESG, structural genomics; NMR {Arabidopsis thaliana}
>2rh0_A NUDC domain-containing protein 2; 13542905, nuclear movement protein, structural genomics, joint center for structural genomics, JCSG; 1.95A {Mus musculus}
