Transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney and intestine. It appears that leucine is the preferred substrate, but all large neutral non-aromatic L-amino acids bind to this transporter. Uptake of leucine is sodium-dependent. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Score = 116 bits (291), Expect = 3e-26, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 60/124 (48%), Positives = 83/124 (66%), Gaps = 1/124 (0%)
Query: 1 MAATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKI 60
++ GTGLAFI+FTEAI + P + +W+VLFF+MLF LG+ S FG +EGV + D+ I
Sbjct: 389 LSEGVEGTGLAFIVFTEAITKMPVSPLWSVLFFIMLFCLGLSSMFGNMEGVVVPLQDLNI 448
Query: 61 FP-NMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYI 119
P KE++TG++CL +I+ F +G Y L DSF+G+ PLLIIAF E AV Y+
Sbjct: 449 TPKKWPKELLTGLICLGTYLIAFIFTLNSGQYWLSLLDSFAGSIPLLIIAFCEMFAVVYV 508
Query: 120 YGLK 123
YG+
Sbjct: 509 YGVD 512
Transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney and intestine. It appears that leucine is the preferred substrate, but all large neutral non-aromatic L-amino acids bind to this transporter. Uptake of leucine is sodium-dependent. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for methionine and for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for methionine and for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for methionine and for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons.
Score = 115 bits (289), Expect = 6e-26, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 59/124 (47%), Positives = 83/124 (66%), Gaps = 1/124 (0%)
Query: 1 MAATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKI 60
++ GTGLAFI+FTEAI + P + +W+VLFF+MLF LG+ S FG +EGV + D+ I
Sbjct: 389 LSEGVEGTGLAFIVFTEAITKMPVSPLWSVLFFIMLFCLGLSSMFGNMEGVVVPLQDLNI 448
Query: 61 FP-NMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYI 119
P KE++TG++CL +I+ F +G Y L DS++G+ PLLIIAF E AV Y+
Sbjct: 449 TPKKWPKELLTGLICLGTYLIAFIFTLNSGQYWLSLLDSYAGSIPLLIIAFCEMFAVVYV 508
Query: 120 YGLK 123
YG+
Sbjct: 509 YGVD 512
Transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the kidney and intestine. It appears that leucine is the preferred substrate, but all large neutral non-aromatic L-amino acids bind to this transporter. Uptake of leucine is sodium-dependent. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine and methionine. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for methionine and for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent.
Pongo abelii (taxid: 9601)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 192 bits (491), Expect = 5e-60
Identities = 73/123 (59%), Positives = 90/123 (73%)
Query: 1 MAATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKI 60
+ GTGLAFI+FTEAI +FPGA W+VLFFLML TLG+ S FGTLEGV T + D KI
Sbjct: 354 LDEAVEGTGLAFIVFTEAIVKFPGAPFWSVLFFLMLLTLGLGSMFGTLEGVLTPLFDSKI 413
Query: 61 FPNMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIY 120
P + KE +TG++CL+C +I + F +GNY +FDS+SG PLLIIA FE IAVSY+Y
Sbjct: 414 LPKVPKEYLTGLVCLVCFLIGLIFTQRSGNYWVQMFDSYSGTLPLLIIALFEMIAVSYVY 473
Query: 121 GLK 123
GL
Sbjct: 474 GLD 476
This subgroup includes the solute-binding domain of transmembrane transporters, which transport, i) neutral amino acids: NTT4 (also called XT1), SBAT1 (also called B0AT2, v7-3, NTT7-3), and B0AT1 (also called HND); the human genes encoding these are SLC6A17, SLC6A15, and SLC6A19 respectively, ii) glycine: B0AT3 (also called Xtrp2, XT2), iii) imino acids, such as proline, pipecolate, MeAIB, and sarcosine: SIT1 (also called XTRP3, XT3, IMINO). The human genes encoding B0AT3 and SIT1 are SLC6A18 and SLC6A20 respectively. Transporters in this subgroup may play a role in disorders including major depression, Hartnup disorder, increased susceptibility to myocardial infarction, and iminoglycinuria. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 565
Score = 146 bits (370), Expect = 1e-42
Identities = 64/121 (52%), Positives = 90/121 (74%), Gaps = 1/121 (0%)
Query: 4 TASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPN 63
+ASG GLAFI+FTEA+ PGAQ+WAVLFF MLFTLG+ S FG +EGV T ++D+ + P
Sbjct: 362 SASGPGLAFIVFTEAVLHMPGAQVWAVLFFGMLFTLGLSSMFGNVEGVITPLLDVGVLPR 421
Query: 64 -MRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
+ KE +TG++CL+C + ++ F +GNY +FDSF+ + LL+IAFFE + V Y+YG+
Sbjct: 422 WVPKEALTGLVCLVCFLSALCFTLQSGNYWLEIFDSFAASLNLLVIAFFEVVGVVYVYGI 481
Query: 123 K 123
K
Sbjct: 482 K 482
B0AT3 (also called Xtrp2, XT2) transports glycine. Human B0AT3 is encoded by the SLC6A18 gene. B0AT3 is expressed in the kidney. Mutations in the SLC6A18 gene may contribute to the autosomal recessive disorder iminoglycinuria and its related disorder hyperglycinuria. SLC6A18 or its neighboring genes are associated with increased susceptibility to myocardial infarction. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 576
>gnl|CDD|215790 pfam00209, SNF, Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family
Score = 132 bits (335), Expect = 3e-38
Identities = 49/119 (41%), Positives = 76/119 (63%)
Query: 5 ASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNM 64
G GLAF+++ EAI + P Q+W+VLFF MLF LG+DSQF +E + T+IVD
Sbjct: 261 KGGPGLAFVVYPEAIAKMPVPQLWSVLFFFMLFLLGLDSQFAIVETIVTAIVDEFPKLRK 320
Query: 65 RKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
RK ++T +C++ ++ + + G Y+ L D ++ F LL++A FE IA+S+IYG+
Sbjct: 321 RKWLVTLGVCVVGFLLGLPYVTQGGIYILDLLDYYAATFSLLVLALFELIAISWIYGVD 379
This family represents the solute-binding domain of SLC6 proteins (also called the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family or Na+/Cl--dependent transporter family). These use sodium and chloride electrochemical gradients to catalyze the thermodynamically uphill movement of a variety of substrates, and include neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs). The latter are Na+/Cl--dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain, and are involved in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis, through facilitating the uptake of released neurotransmitters from the extracellular space into neurons and glial cells. NTTs are the target of a range of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. In addition, they are the primary targets of cocaine, amphetamines and other psychostimulants. This family also includes Drosophila Blot which is expressed primarily in epithelial tissues of ectodermal origin and in the nervous system of the embryo and larvae, but in addition found in the developing oocyte and the freshly laid egg. A lack or reduction of Blot function during oogenesis results in early arrest of embryonic development. 12 transmembrane helices (TMs) appears to be common for eukaryotic and some prokaryotic and archaeal SLC6s, (a core inverted topology repeat, TM1-5 and TM6-10, plus TMs11-12; TMs numbered to conform to the SLC6 Aquifex aeolicus LeuT), although a majority of bacterial, and some archaeal SLC6s lack TM12, for example the functional Fusobacterium nucleatum tyrosine transporter Tyt1. Length = 417
B0AT1 (also called HND) transports neutral amino acids. Human B0AT1 is encoded by the SLC6A19 gene. B0AT1 is expressed primarily in the kidney and intestine; it requires collectrin for expression in the kidney, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 for expression in the intestine. Interaction with these two proteins implicates B0AT1 in more complex processes such as glomerular structure, exocytosis, and blood pressure control. The autosomal recessive disorder, Hartnup disorder, is caused by mutations in B0AT1. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 581
>gnl|CDD|212065 cd11496, SLC6sbd-TauT-like, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent taurine transporter TauT, and related proteins; solute-binding domain
This subgroup represents the solute-binding domain of TauT-like Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent transporters. Family members include: human TauT which transports taurine, human GAT1, GAT2, and GAT3, and BGT1, which transport gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and human CT1 which transports creatine. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 543
Score = 116 bits (293), Expect = 9e-32
Identities = 59/116 (50%), Positives = 77/116 (66%), Gaps = 3/116 (2%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRK 66
GTGLAFI FTEA+ FP + W+V+FFLML LG+ S FGT+EG+ T IVD +RK
Sbjct: 378 GTGLAFIAFTEAMTHFPASPFWSVMFFLMLVNLGLGSMFGTIEGIITPIVDTF---KVRK 434
Query: 67 EVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
E++T I CLL I + F +GNY +FD +S PLLI+ E IAVS++YG+
Sbjct: 435 EILTVICCLLAFCIGLIFVQRSGNYFVTMFDDYSATLPLLIVVILENIAVSFVYGI 490
SBAT1 (also called B0AT2, v7-3, NTT7-3) is a high-affinity Na(+)-dependent transporter for large neutral amino acids, including leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline and methionine. Human SBAT1 is encoded by the SLC6A15 gene, a susceptibility gene for major depression. SBAT1 is expressed in brain, and may have a role in transporting neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 580
Score = 115 bits (290), Expect = 2e-31
Identities = 51/118 (43%), Positives = 75/118 (63%), Gaps = 1/118 (0%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIF-PNMR 65
GTGLAFI+++EAI +Q+W+VL+F ML LGI S G + T + D KI ++
Sbjct: 369 GTGLAFIVYSEAIKNMEVSQLWSVLYFFMLLMLGIGSMLGNTAAILTPLTDSKIISSHLP 428
Query: 66 KEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
KE I+G++C + C+I + F AGNY F +F+ ++ LL+I E IAV Y+YGL+
Sbjct: 429 KEAISGLVCFINCIIGLVFTMEAGNYWFDIFNDYAATLSLLLIVLVETIAVCYVYGLR 486
SIT1 (also called XTRP3, XT3, IMINO) transports imino acids, such as proline, pipecolate, MeAIB, and sarcosine. It has weak affinity for neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine. Human SIT1 is encoded by the SLC6A20 gene. SIT1 is expressed in brain, kidney, small intestine, thymus, spleen, ovary, and lung. SLC6A20 is a candidate gene for the rare disorder iminoglycinuria. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 576
>gnl|CDD|212084 cd11515, SLC6sbd_NTT4-like, Na(+)-dependent neurotransmitter transporter 4, and related proteins; solute-binding domain
This subgroup includes the solute-binding domain of NTT4 (also called XT1) and SBAT1 (also called B0AT2, v7-3, NTT7-3); both these proteins can transport neutral amino acids. Human SBAT1 is encoded by the SLC6A15 gene, a susceptibility gene for major depression. SBAT1 is expressed in brain, and may have a role in transporting neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. Human NTT4 is encoded by the SLC6A17 gene. NTT4 is specifically expressed in the nervous system, in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and may play an important role in synaptic transmission. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 530
Score = 106 bits (267), Expect = 3e-28
Identities = 44/122 (36%), Positives = 73/122 (59%), Gaps = 5/122 (4%)
Query: 5 ASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNM 64
+G GLAF+ + EA+ P + W++LFF ML TLG+DSQF LE + T++ D FP +
Sbjct: 324 DAGPGLAFVAYPEALTLLPVSPFWSILFFFMLLTLGLDSQFAMLETIVTAVTDE--FPYL 381
Query: 65 ---RKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYG 121
K G++C+ ++ + G Y L D +S +F L+++A F C+A+S++YG
Sbjct: 382 LRKYKTWFLGLICVGMYLLGLLLVTDGGMYWLTLMDWYSASFGLMVLALFMCLAISWVYG 441
Query: 122 LK 123
++
Sbjct: 442 IQ 443
PROT is a high-affinity L-proline transporter that transports L-proline, and may have a role in excitatory neurotransmission. Human PROT is encoded by the SLC6A7 gene, a potential susceptible gene for asthma. PROT is expressed in the brain. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 544
CT1 (also called CRTR, CRT) transports creatine. Human CT1 is encoded by the SLC6A8 gene. CT1 is ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels found in skeletal muscle and kidney. Creatine is absorbed from food or synthesized from arginine and plays an important role in energy metabolism. Deficiency in human CT1 leads to X-linked cerebral creatine transporter deficiency. In males, this disorder is characterized by language and speech delays, autistic-like behavior, seizures in about 50% of cases, and can also involve midfacial hypoplasia, and short stature. In females, it is characterized by mild cognitive impairment with behavior and learning problems. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 592
NTT4 (also called XT1) transports the neutral amino acids, proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine, and may play an important role in synaptic transmission. Human NTT4 is encoded by the SLC6A17 gene. NTT4 is specifically expressed in the nervous system, in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 589
GAT1 transports gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the mammalian CNS. Human GAT1 is encoded by the SLC6A1 gene. GAT1 is expressed in brain and peripheral nervous system. The antiepileptic drug, Tiagabine, inhibits GAT1. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 598
>gnl|CDD|212066 cd11497, SLC6sbd_SERT-like, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent monoamine transporters, SERT, NET, DAT1 and related proteins; solute binding domain
Score = 97.8 bits (244), Expect = 6e-25
Identities = 45/122 (36%), Positives = 68/122 (55%), Gaps = 1/122 (0%)
Query: 3 ATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVD-MKIF 61
G GL FI++ EAI PG+ WA++FFLML TLG+DS FG LE V T + D
Sbjct: 322 VATEGPGLVFIVYPEAIATLPGSTFWAIIFFLMLITLGLDSTFGGLEAVITGLCDEFPPV 381
Query: 62 PNMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYG 121
R+E+ + ++C ++++ G YV L D ++ +L + F E +AVS+ YG
Sbjct: 382 LGKRRELFVLGVVIICFLLALPTVTYGGIYVVTLLDRYAAGTSILFVVFLEAVAVSWFYG 441
Query: 122 LK 123
+
Sbjct: 442 VD 443
This subgroup represents the solute-binding domain of transmembrane transporters that transport monoamine neurotransmitters from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. Members include: NET which transports norepinephrine, SERT which transports serotonin, and DAT1 which transports dopamine. These transporters may play a role in diseases including depression, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and in the control of human behavior and emotional states. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 539
Score = 96.4 bits (240), Expect = 2e-24
Identities = 46/119 (38%), Positives = 69/119 (57%), Gaps = 5/119 (4%)
Query: 6 SGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMR 65
SG LAFI + EA+ + P + +W++LFF ML TLG+DSQF +E +TT+I D FP +
Sbjct: 346 SGFDLAFIAYPEALAKLPISPLWSILFFFMLLTLGLDSQFAGIETITTTIQDA--FPKVM 403
Query: 66 KE---VITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYG 121
K+ IT +C++ ++ + AG Y L D F + +L A E I + +IYG
Sbjct: 404 KKKRIPITLGVCIILFLLGLPCVTQAGIYWVNLIDHFCAGWGILFAAVLELIGIIWIYG 462
ATB0+ (also known as the beta-alanine carrier) is a transmembrane transporter with a broad substrate specificity; it can transport non-alpha-amino acids such as beta-alanine with low affinity, and can transport dipolar and cationic amino acids such as leucine and lysine, with a higher affinity. It may have a role in the absorption of essential nutrients and drugs in the distal regions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Human ATB0+ is encoded by the SLC6A14 gene. ATB0+ is expressed in the lung, trachea, salivary gland, mammary gland, stomach, and pituitary gland. ATB0+ may play a role in obesity, and its upregulation may have a pathogenic role in colorectal cancer. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 601
>gnl|CDD|212079 cd11510, SLC6sbd_TauT, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent taurine transporter; solute-binding domain
TauT is a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent, high-affinity, low-capacity transporter of taurine and beta-alanine. Human TauT is encoded by the SLC6A6 gene. TauT is expressed in brain, retina, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and pancreas. It may play a part in the supply of taurine to the intestinal epithelium and in the between-meal-capture of taurine. It may also participate in re-absorbing taurine that has been deconjugated from bile acids in the distal lumen. Functional TauT protects kidney cells from nephrotoxicity caused by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin; cisplatin down-regulates TauT in a p53-dependent manner. In mice, TauT has been shown to be important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle function and total exercise capacity. TauT-/- mice develop additional clinically important diseases, some of which are characterized by apoptosis, including vision loss, olfactory dysfunction, and chronic liver disease. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 542
>gnl|CDD|212094 cd11556, SLC6sbd_SERT-like_u1, uncharacterized subgroup of the SERT-like Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent monoamine transporter subfamily; solute binding domain
Score = 90.2 bits (224), Expect = 3e-22
Identities = 48/119 (40%), Positives = 72/119 (60%), Gaps = 4/119 (3%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRK 66
G GL F+++ EA++ PG+ W++LFFLML TLG+DS FG E + T++ D FP +++
Sbjct: 340 GPGLVFVVYPEALSTMPGSTFWSLLFFLMLMTLGLDSSFGGSEAIITALSDE--FPIIKR 397
Query: 67 --EVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
E+ G L VI ++ G Y F L D ++ + +LI FE +AVS+IYGL
Sbjct: 398 HRELFVGCLFAFYFVIGLAMCTQGGIYFFHLLDRYAAGYSILIAVLFEAVAVSWIYGLD 456
SERT-like Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent monoamine transporters, transport monoamine neurotransmitters from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. Members include: the norepinephrine transporter NET, the serotonin transporter SERT , and the dopamine transporter DAT1. These latter may play a role in diseases or disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and in the control of human behavior and emotional states. They belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Members of this subgroup are uncharacterized. Length = 552
Score = 89.6 bits (222), Expect = 4e-22
Identities = 45/120 (37%), Positives = 74/120 (61%), Gaps = 5/120 (4%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNM-- 64
G G+AF+++ EA+ + P + WA++FFLML TLG+D+ F T+E + TS+ D FP
Sbjct: 352 GPGIAFVVYPEALTRLPLSPFWAIIFFLMLLTLGLDTMFATIETIVTSVSDE--FPKYLR 409
Query: 65 -RKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
K + T + C+ ++ G Y+ L D+++ ++ L+IIA FE + +SYIYGL+
Sbjct: 410 THKPLFTLVCCISFFIMGFPMITQGGMYMLQLVDTYAASYSLVIIAIFELVGISYIYGLQ 469
GlyT2 (also called NET1) is a membrane-bound transporter that re-uptakes glycine from the synaptic cleft. Human GlyT2 is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene. GlyT2 is expressed in brain and spinal cord. GlyT2 may play a role in pain, and in spasticity. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 606
Score = 87.9 bits (219), Expect = 1e-21
Identities = 43/119 (36%), Positives = 70/119 (58%), Gaps = 4/119 (3%)
Query: 5 ASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQF-PGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPN 63
+SG GLAF+ F +AIN PG ++ VLFFL L G+ S +E V +++ D
Sbjct: 291 SSGIGLAFVAFPKAINLMPPGGALFGVLFFLSLVFAGLTSLISLVEVVISALQDKFGLS- 349
Query: 64 MRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
RK+ +T I+CL+ ++S+ FA GAG Y+ + D F N+ ++++ E I V +++G
Sbjct: 350 -RKKAVT-IVCLVGFLVSLLFATGAGLYLLDIVDHFINNYGIVLVGLVEVIVVGWVFGA 406
SLC6 proteins (also called the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family or Na+/Cl--dependent transporter family) include neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs): these are sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. These NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain, involved in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis, and the target of a range of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Bacterial members of the SLC6 family include the LeuT amino acid transporter. Length = 480
Score = 86.0 bits (213), Expect = 7e-21
Identities = 45/122 (36%), Positives = 72/122 (59%), Gaps = 3/122 (2%)
Query: 3 ATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDM--KI 60
AT +G L FI + EAI PG+ +A++FFLM+ TLG+DS FG LEGV T+++D +
Sbjct: 320 ATDAGPSLLFITYAEAIANMPGSTFFAIIFFLMIITLGLDSTFGGLEGVITAVLDEFPHV 379
Query: 61 FPNMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIY 120
R+ + G++ +C + S++ G YV L + ++ +L + E IAVS+ Y
Sbjct: 380 IGKRREIFVLGLVI-VCFLGSLATLTFGGAYVVKLLEEYATGPAVLTVVLLEAIAVSWFY 438
Query: 121 GL 122
G+
Sbjct: 439 GI 440
SERT (also called 5-HTT), is a transmembrane transporter that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. The antiport of a K+ ion is believed to follow the transport of serotonin and promote the reorientation of SERT for another transport cycle. Human SERT is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. SERT is expressed in brain, peripheral nervous system, placenta, epithelium, and platelets. SERT may play a role in diseases or disorders including anxiety, depression, autism, gastrointestinal disorders, premature ejaculation, and obesity. It may also have a role in social cognition. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 537
Score = 85.8 bits (212), Expect = 8e-21
Identities = 46/116 (39%), Positives = 66/116 (56%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRK 66
G GL FII+ EAI P + +WAV+FF+ML TLGIDS G +E V T ++D F + +
Sbjct: 327 GPGLIFIIYPEAIATLPLSSVWAVIFFIMLLTLGIDSAMGGMESVITGLIDEFKFLHRHR 386
Query: 67 EVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
E+ T + L +IS+ G YVF L D F+ +L E I +++ YG+
Sbjct: 387 ELFTLFIVLSTFLISLFCVTNGGIYVFTLLDHFAAGTSILFGVLIEAIGIAWFYGV 442
DAT1 (also called DAT), is a plasma membrane transport protein that functions at the dopaminergic synapses to transport dopamine from the extracellular space back into the presynaptic nerve terminal. Human DAT1 is encoded by the SLC6A3 gene, and is expressed in the brain. DAT1 may play a role in diseases or disorders related to dopaminergic neurons, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, Parkinson's disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, schizophrenia, extraversion, and risky behavior. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 555
This family includes human GAT3 (hGAT3) a high-affinity transporter of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the mammalian CNS. hGAT3 is encoded by the SLC6A11 gene, and is similar to mouse GAT4, and rat GAT3/GATB. GAT3 is expressed primarily in the glia of the brain, and is a potential drug target for antiepileptic drugs. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 542
Score = 82.8 bits (205), Expect = 8e-20
Identities = 39/113 (34%), Positives = 62/113 (54%)
Query: 10 LAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRKEVI 69
L F+ + EAI Q PG+ +AVLFFL LF LGI S F LE V T I D +++ I
Sbjct: 261 LGFVTYPEAIAQMPGSNFFAVLFFLTLFLLGISSAFALLEAVVTLICDSGWGRKVKRWWI 320
Query: 70 TGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
++C + ++S+ + G Y+ D++ N L+ + + EC+A + +Y
Sbjct: 321 ATVVCFVSFLLSLPYCTRFGYYLLDAVDAWISNVALVFVVWAECVAATTVYRF 373
SLC6 proteins (also called the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family or Na+/Cl--dependent transporter family) include neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs): these are sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. These NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain, and are involved in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis, and are the target of a range of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Bacterial members of the SLC6 family include the LeuT amino acid transporter. Length = 406
>gnl|CDD|212080 cd11511, SLC6sbd_BGT1, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent betaine/GABA transporter-1, and related proteins; solute-binding domain
BGT1 is a relatively low-affinity transporter of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and can also transport betaine. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the mammalian CNS. Human BGT1 is encoded by the SLC6A12 gene, and is similar to mouse GAT2. Mouse GAT2 plays a role in transporting GABA across the blood-brain barrier. In addition to being expressed in cells of the central nervous system, BGT1 is expressed in peripheral tissues, including kidney, liver, and heart. An association has been shown between the SLC6A12 gene and the occurrence of aspirin-intolerant asthma, and BGT1 is a drug target for antiepileptic drugs. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 541
This family includes human GAT2 (hGAT2) which transports gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the mammalian CNS. hGAT2 is encoded by the SLC6A13 gene, and is similar to mouse GAT-3, and rat GAT2. hGAT2 is expressed in brain, kidney, lung, and testis. hGAT2 is a potential drug target for treatment of epilepsy. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 544
Score = 74.2 bits (182), Expect = 1e-16
Identities = 48/123 (39%), Positives = 62/123 (50%), Gaps = 14/123 (11%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIV-DMKIFPNMR 65
G GL FI++ EAI+ G+ WAV+FF+ML TLGIDS G +E V T + D I R
Sbjct: 328 GAGLVFILYPEAISTLSGSTFWAVVFFIMLLTLGIDSSMGGMEAVITGLADDFSILKKHR 387
Query: 66 K------EVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYI 119
K IT +L L C G YV L D+F+ +L E I VS+
Sbjct: 388 KLFTFGVAFITFLLALFCIT-------NGGIYVLTLLDTFAAGTSILFAVLMEAIGVSWF 440
Query: 120 YGL 122
YG+
Sbjct: 441 YGV 443
NET (also called NAT1, NET1), is a transmembrane transporter that transports the neurotransmitter norepinephrine from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. Human NET is encoded by the SLC6A2 gene. NET is expressed in brain, peripheral nervous system, adrenal gland, and placenta. NET may play a role in diseases or disorders including depression, orthostatic intolerance, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular diseases, alcoholism, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 560
Score = 72.4 bits (178), Expect = 4e-16
Identities = 39/117 (33%), Positives = 67/117 (57%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRK 66
G G AF+ F+EAI+ PG+ WA++FFL L G+ + FG ++G+ T + D F
Sbjct: 346 GPGFAFLAFSEAISLAPGSAFWAIVFFLALLLAGLSTMFGIMQGIYTPLQDTFSFFRKHP 405
Query: 67 EVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
+++T ++C+ + + F +G+Y L D + P++ I FE IA+++ YG K
Sbjct: 406 KLLTVLVCVGLFLGGLVFTQPSGSYFRSLLDDYLVPLPIIFIVVFENIALAWAYGAK 462
Human NTT5 is encoded by the SLC6A16 gene. NTT5 is expressed in testis, pancreas, and prostate; its expression is predominantly intracellular, indicative of a vesicular location. Its substrates are unknown. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 543
Score = 71.5 bits (175), Expect = 9e-16
Identities = 41/119 (34%), Positives = 70/119 (58%), Gaps = 2/119 (1%)
Query: 7 GTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDM--KIFPNM 64
G GLAF+ + EA+ P + +W++LFF ML LG+ +QF LE + T++VD +
Sbjct: 354 GPGLAFVAYPEALTLLPISPLWSLLFFFMLILLGLGTQFCLLETLVTAVVDEIGNDWIIR 413
Query: 65 RKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123
K +T + ++ ++ + AG Y +L D+++ +F L+II+ CIA+ YIYG +
Sbjct: 414 NKTYVTLGVAIIGFLLGIPLTTQAGIYWLLLMDNYAASFSLVIISCIMCIAIMYIYGHR 472
GlyT1 is a membrane-bound transporter that re-uptakes glycine from the synaptic cleft. Human GlyT1 is encoded by the SLC6A9 gene. GlyT1 is expressed in brain, pancreas, uterus, stomach, spleen, liver, and retina. GlyT1 may play a role in schizophrenia. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family. Length = 585
>gnl|CDD|223805 COG0733, COG0733, Na+-dependent transporters of the SNF family [General function prediction only]
Score = 54.4 bits (132), Expect = 8e-10
Identities = 33/123 (26%), Positives = 52/123 (42%), Gaps = 6/123 (4%)
Query: 5 ASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNM 64
A+G GL FI Q PG +++ +LFFL+L + S LE ++D +
Sbjct: 277 AAGPGLLFITLPAVFAQMPGGRLFGILFFLLLLFAALTSAISLLEVPVAYLIDEFGWSRK 336
Query: 65 RKEVITGILCLLCCVIS------MSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSY 118
+ +I GI+ L + S +S G +F L D N L + I V +
Sbjct: 337 KATLIVGIIIFLLGIPSALSFGVLSDPTIFGKTIFDLLDFLVSNILLPLGGLLIAIFVGW 396
Query: 119 IYG 121
+ G
Sbjct: 397 VLG 399
SLC6 proteins (also called the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family or Na+/Cl--dependent transporter family) include neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs): these are sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. These NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain, involved in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis, and the target of a range of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Bacterial members of the SLC6 family include the LeuT amino acid transporter. An arrangement of 12 transmembrane (TM) helices appears to be as a common topological motif for eukaryotic and some prokaryotic and archaeal NTTs. However, this subfamily which contains the majority of bacterial members and some archaeal members, appears to contain only 11 TMs; for example the functional Fusobacterium nucleatum tyrosine transporter Tyt1. Length = 439
>gnl|CDD|212041 cd10333, LeuT-like_sbd, Aquifex aeolicus LeuT and related proteins; solute binding domain
Score = 40.7 bits (96), Expect = 5e-05
Identities = 31/122 (25%), Positives = 47/122 (38%), Gaps = 2/122 (1%)
Query: 2 AATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIF 61
A A GL FI +Q PG Q + L+F +LF GI S L+ + + +
Sbjct: 293 VAKAGTFGLGFIALPNVFSQMPGGQFFGFLWFFLLFFAGITSSIAMLQPLIAFLEEE--L 350
Query: 62 PNMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYG 121
RK I L+ V D + G L+++ E I ++I+G
Sbjct: 351 KWSRKHAALWIFALVIIVGLPVAFEFIDLKALDELDFWVGTILLVVLGLIEVIVFAWIFG 410
Query: 122 LK 123
K
Sbjct: 411 AK 412
LeuT is a bacterial amino acid transporter with specificity for the hydrophobic amino acids glycine, alanine, methionine, and leucine. This subgroup belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family; LeuT has been used as a structural template for understanding fundamental aspects of SLC6 function. It has an arrangement of 12 transmembrane helices (TMs), which appears to be a common motif for eukaryotic and some prokaryotic and archaeal SLC6s: an inverted topology repeat: TMs1-5 and TMs6-10, and TMs11-12. Length = 500
BCCT: BCCT family transporter; InterPro: IPR000060
82.46
>PF00209 SNF: Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family; InterPro: IPR000175 Neurotransmitter transport systems are integral to the release, re-uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters at synapses
Probab=99.95 E-value=5.7e-28 Score=195.92 Aligned_cols=120 Identities=42% Similarity=0.836 Sum_probs=107.7
Q ss_pred CCCChhhHHHHHHHHHhcCCchhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhhhhhhhhHHHHHHHhhccCCCCchHHHHHHHHHHHHHHhhhh
Q psy17277 4 TASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFPNMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMS 83 (123)
Q Consensus 4 ~~~G~gL~Fi~~P~~~~~~p~~~~~~~lff~~l~~agltS~~~~~e~iv~~l~d~~~~~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fl~gl~ 83 (123)
+++||||.|+++|+++++||.|++|+++||++++++|++|+++++|++++.++|+++.+|++|+.++..+|..++++|++
T Consensus 323 ~~~g~~L~Fi~~P~~~~~~p~~~~~~~lFFl~l~~agl~S~i~~~E~iv~~l~d~~~~~~~~r~~~~~~v~~~~~l~gl~ 402 (523)
T PF00209_consen 323 PESGPGLAFIVLPEAFSQMPGGRFWAILFFLMLFLAGLTSQISMLEVIVSALMDEFPISRKKRKKVTLIVCLVGFLLGLP 402 (523)
T ss_dssp -H-CHHHHHTHHHHHHTTSTTHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHTST----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
T ss_pred hCcCCCchHHHHHHHHHcCCCCcChHHHHHHHHHHHHhhhcCCceeceeEeeeecCccchhhccceeHHHhhhHeEeccc
Confidence 46899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999887888999999999999999999
Q ss_pred hcccccchhhhhhHHhhchhHHHHHHHHHHHHHhheecCC
Q psy17277 84 FAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGLK 123 (123)
Q Consensus 84 ~~t~~G~~~~~~~D~~~~~~~l~~~~l~e~i~v~w~yg~~ 123 (123)
+++++|.|++|++|++.+++.+++++++|+++++|+||.|
T Consensus 403 ~~t~~G~~~~~~~d~~~~~~~l~~~~l~e~i~v~wvyG~~ 442 (523)
T PF00209_consen 403 FCTQGGIYIFDLLDDYVGSISLLIIALLECIAVGWVYGWD 442 (523)
T ss_dssp HHBT---THHHHHHHHTTTHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHTTSTHH
T ss_pred cccccHHHhcchHhhcchhHHHHHHHHHHHHheeccccce
Confidence 9999999999999999999999999999999999999964
High affinity transport proteins found in the plasma membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals and glial cells are responsible for the removal from the extracellular space of released-transmitters, thereby terminating their actions []. Plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters fall into two structurally and mechanistically distinct families. The majority of the transporters constitute an extensive family of homologous proteins that derive energy from the co-transport of Na+ and Cl-, in order to transport neurotransmitter molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient. The family has a common structure of 12 presumed transmembrane helices and includes carriers for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline/adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, proline, glycine, choline, betaine and taurine. They are structurally distinct from the second more-restricted family of plasma membrane transporters, which are responsible for excitatory amino acid transport. The latter couple glutamate and aspartate uptake to the cotransport of Na+ and the counter-transport of K+, with no apparent dependence on Cl- []. In addition, both of these transporter families are distinct from the vesicular neurotransmitter transporters [, ]. Sequence analysis of the Na+/Cl- neurotransmitter superfamily reveals that it can be divided into four subfamilies, these being transporters for monoamines, the amino acids proline and glycine, GABA, and a group of orphan transporters [].; GO: 0005328 neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity, 0006836 neurotransmitter transport, 0016021 integral to membrane; PDB: 2QEI_A 3F3C_A 3USP_A 3USK_A 3TU0_A 3GWW_A 3TT3_A 3F4J_A 3USJ_B 3GJC_B ....
>PF02028 BCCT: BCCT family transporter; InterPro: IPR000060 These prokaryotic transport proteins belong to a family known as BCCT (for Betaine / Carnitine / Choline Transporters) and are specific for compounds containing a quaternary nitrogen atom
The BCCT proteins contain 12 transmembrane regions and are energized by proton symport. They contain a conserved region with four tryptophans in their central region [].; GO: 0005215 transporter activity, 0006810 transport, 0016020 membrane; PDB: 2WSX_B 3HFX_A 2WSW_A 4DOJ_B 2WIT_C 4AIN_A 3P03_B.
Score = 54.0 bits (129), Expect = 3e-10
Identities = 23/121 (19%), Positives = 40/121 (33%), Gaps = 5/121 (4%)
Query: 3 ATASGTGLAFIIFTEAINQFPGAQIWAVLFFLMLFTLGIDSQFGTLEGVTTSIVDMKIFP 62
A A L FI +Q G L+F +LF G+ S ++ + + D
Sbjct: 311 AKAGAFNLGFITLPAIFSQTAGGTFLGFLWFFLLFFAGLTSSIAIMQPMIAFLEDELKLS 370
Query: 63 NMRKEVITGILCLLCCVISMSFAHGAGNYVFILFDSFSGNFPLLIIAFFECIAVSYIYGL 122
+ T + + M N D ++G ++ E I +I+G
Sbjct: 371 RKHAVLWTAAIVFFSAHLVM-----FLNKSLDEMDFWAGTIGVVFFGLTELIIFFWIFGA 425
Query: 123 K 123
Sbjct: 426 D 426
