Required for sufficient glycogen accumulation. The alpha 1-6 branches of glycogen play an important role in increasing the solubility of the molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic pressure within cells.
Required for sufficient glycogen accumulation. The alpha 1-6 branches of glycogen play an important role in increasing the solubility of the molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic pressure within cells.
Required for sufficient glycogen accumulation. The alpha 1-6 branches of glycogen play an important role in increasing the solubility of the molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic pressure within cells.
Required for sufficient glycogen accumulation. The alpha 1-6 branches of glycogen play an important role in increasing the solubility of the molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic pressure within cells.
Mus musculus (taxid: 10090)
EC: 2
EC: .
EC: 4
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: 8
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 99 (39.9 bits), Expect = 0.00032, P = 0.00032
Identities = 20/54 (37%), Positives = 30/54 (55%)
Query: 6 GIEKFTTSYNKYGIHVQADNSVRCFEWAPSAQQLYLTVY---WNEVSKNGERQE 56
G+ KF+ SY +G++ D V C EWAP A+ ++LT WN S ++ E
Sbjct: 51 GLNKFSKSYKSFGVNQFVDGGVYCKEWAPGAEAVFLTGDFNGWNPFSHPYKKME 104
Parameters:
V=100
filter=SEG
E=0.001
ctxfactor=1.00
Query ----- As Used ----- ----- Computed ----
Frame MatID Matrix name Lambda K H Lambda K H
+0 0 BLOSUM62 0.314 0.130 0.400 same same same
Q=9,R=2 0.244 0.0300 0.180 n/a n/a n/a
Query
Frame MatID Length Eff.Length E S W T X E2 S2
+0 0 89 89 0.00091 102 3 11 23 0.38 30
29 0.50 30
Statistics:
Database: /share/blast/go-seqdb.fasta
Title: go_20130330-seqdb.fasta
Posted: 5:47:42 AM PDT Apr 1, 2013
Created: 5:47:42 AM PDT Apr 1, 2013
Format: XDF-1
# of letters in database: 169,044,731
# of sequences in database: 368,745
# of database sequences satisfying E: 9
No. of states in DFA: 584 (62 KB)
Total size of DFA: 127 KB (2080 KB)
Time to generate neighborhood: 0.00u 0.00s 0.00t Elapsed: 00:00:00
No. of threads or processors used: 24
Search cpu time: 9.26u 0.10s 9.36t Elapsed: 00:00:01
Total cpu time: 9.26u 0.10s 9.36t Elapsed: 00:00:01
Start: Thu Aug 15 17:18:37 2013 End: Thu Aug 15 17:18:38 2013
Glycogen branching enzyme (AKA 1,4 alpha glucan branching enzyme) catalyzes the formation of alpha-1,6 branch points in either glycogen or starch by cleavage of the alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkage yielding a non-reducing end oligosaccharide chain and subsequent attachment to the alpha-1,6 position. By increasing the number of non-reducing ends glycogen is more reactive to synthesis and digestion as well as being more soluble. The N-terminus of the glycogen branching enzyme-like proteins may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobi
Glycogen branching enzyme (AKA 1,4 alpha glucan branching enzyme) catalyzes the formation of alpha-1,6 branch points in either glycogen or starch by cleavage of the alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkage yielding a non-reducing end oligosaccharide chain and subsequent attachment to the alpha-1,6 position. By increasing the number of non-reducing ends glycogen is more reactive to synthesis and digestion as well as being more soluble. The N-terminus of the 1,4 alpha glucan branching enzyme may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitina
2.1. from EC are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycosyl hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of 85 different families [, ]. This classification is available on the CAZy (CArbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. Enzymes containing this domain belong to family 13 (GH13 from CAZY) of the glycosyl hydrolases. This domain is found in a range of enzymes that act on branched substrates ie. isoamylase, pullulanase and branching enzyme. Isoamylase hydrolyses 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and dextrin; 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme functions in the formation of 1,6-glucosidic linkages of glycogen; and pullulanase is a starch-debranching enzyme.; GO: 0004553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds, 0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; PDB: 2BHZ_A 2BY2_A 2BY3_A 2BXY_A 2BY1_A 2BHY_A 2BHU_A 2BXZ_A 2BY0_A 2FHB_A ....
A sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana, GP|9294564, scores just above trusted, but appears either to contain corrupt sequence or, more likely, to be a pseudogene as some of the conserved catalytic residues common to the alpha amylase family are not conserved here.
These alpha amylase-like sugar utilizing enzymes which may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Pullulanase (AKA dextrinase; alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha glucosidase) is an enzyme with action similar to that of isoamylase; it cleaves 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in pullulan, amylopectin, and glycogen, and in alpha-and beta-amylase limit-dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen. The N-terminus of pullulanase may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Esterases catalyze the hydrolysis of organic esters to release an alcohol or thiol and acid. The term can be applied to enzymes that hydrolyze carboxylate, phosphate and sulphate esters, but is more often restricted to the first class of substrate. The N-terminus of esterase may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Glycogen debranching enzymes have both 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activities. As a transferase it transfers a segment of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or another 1,4-alpha-D-glucan. As a glucosidase it catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucoside linkages at points of branching in chains of 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues. The N-terminus of the glycogen debranching enzyme may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
MTSase and maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase) work together to produce trehalose. MTSase is responsible for converting the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage to an alpha,alpha-1,1-glucosidic linkage at the reducing end of the maltooligosaccharide through an intramolecular transglucosylation reaction, while MTHase hydrolyzes the penultimate alpha-1,4 linkage of the reducing end, resulting in the release of trehalose. The N-terminus of MTSase may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Isoamylase (aka glycogen 6-glucanohydrolase) is one of the starch-debranching enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages specific in alpha-glucans such as amylopectin or glycogen. Isoamylase contains a bound calcium ion, but this is not in the same position as the conserved calcium ion that has been reported in other alpha-amylase family enzymes. The N-terminus of isoamylase may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies. These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end and may be involved in homodimeric/tetrameric/dodecameric interactions. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. This family consists of pullulanases related to the subfamilies described in TIGR02102 and TIGR02103 but having a different domain architecture with shorter sequences. Members are called type I pullulanases.
>cd02688 E_set E or "early" set of sugar utilizing enzymes which may be related to the immunoglobulin and/or fibronectin type III superfamilies
These domains are associated with different types of catalytic domains at either the N-terminal or C-terminal end. Members of this family include members of the alpha amylase family, sialidase, galactose oxidase, cellulase, cellulose, hyaluronate lyase, chitobiase, and chitinase.
Members of this protein family include secreted (or membrane-anchored) pullulanases of Gram-negative bacteria and pullulanase-type starch debranching enzymes of plants. Both enzymes hydrolyze alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages. Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. This family is closely homologous to, but architecturally different from, the Gram-positive pullulanases of Gram-positive bacteria (TIGR02102).
Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. In contrast, a glycogen debranching enzyme such GlgX, homologous to this family, can release glucose at alpha,1-6 linkages from glycogen first subjected to limit degradation by phosphorylase. Characterized members of this family include a surface-located pullulanase from Streptococcus pneumoniae (PubMed:11083842) and an extracellular bifunctional amylase/pullulanase with C-terminal pullulanase activity (PubMed:8798645).
AMPK is a metabolic stress sensing protein that senses AMP/ATP and has recently been found to act as a glycogen sensor as well. The protein functions as a alpha-beta-gamma heterotrimer. This domain is the glycogen binding domain of the beta subunit.
This family consists of the GlgX protein from the E. coli glycogen operon and probable equivalogs from other prokaryotic species. GlgX is not required for glycogen biosynthesis, but instead acts as a debranching enzyme for glycogen catabolism. This model distinguishes GlgX from pullanases and other related proteins that also operate on alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages. In the wide band between the trusted and noise cutoffs are functionally similar enzymes, mostly from plants, that act similarly but usually are termed isoamylase.
Members of this family are the trehalose biosynthetic enzyme malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, formally known as 4-alpha-D-{(1-4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose trehalohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.141). It is the TreZ protein of the TreYZ pathway for trehalose biosynthesis, and alternative to the OtsAB system.
Preimplantation protein 4 (Prei4) is a protein of unknown function that is expressed during mouse preimplantation embryogenesis. In addition to the N-terminal CBM20 domain, Prei4 contains a C-terminal glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) domain. The CBM20 domain is found in a large number of starch degrading enzymes including alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, and CGTase (cyclodextrin glucanotransferase). CBM20 is also present in proteins that have a regulatory role in starch metabolism in plants (e.g. alpha-amylase) or glycogen metabolism in mammals (e.g. laforin). CBM20 folds as an antiparallel beta-barrel structure with two starch binding sites. These two sites are thought to differ functionally with site 1 acting as the initial starch recognition site and site 2 involved in the specific recognition of appropriate regions of starch.
class: All beta proteins
fold: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich
superfamily: E set domains
family: E-set domains of sugar-utilizing enzymes
domain: Pullulanase PulA
species: Klebsiella pneumoniae [TaxId: 573]
