Dehydrogenase of the (R,S)-sulfolactate degradation pathway that only acts on the (S)-enantiomer of 3-sulfolactate. Together with ComC, provides a racemase system that converts (2S)-3-sulfolactate to (2R)-3-sulfolactate, which is degraded further by (2R)-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase. Specific for NAD. Also able to form sulfolactate from sulfopyruvate.
>gi|297841959|ref|XP_002888861.1| oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata] gi|297334702|gb|EFH65120.1| oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata]
Score = 113 bits (286), Expect = 3e-32
Identities = 40/86 (46%), Positives = 57/86 (66%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGG 66
++L+N RGGL+D EA+ L SGHL G GLDV W EP P+DP+L+ +V++TPH+ G
Sbjct: 226 GAILINTARGGLVDEEALLAALRSGHLAGAGLDVFWQEPLPPDDPLLRLDNVILTPHIAG 285
Query: 67 VTEHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPL 92
VT+ SY+ A +V + +L G P
Sbjct: 286 VTDESYQRMAAIVAENIARLLRGEPP 311
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 311
>gnl|CDD|240648 cd12171, 2-Hacid_dh_10, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
Score = 80.3 bits (199), Expect = 1e-19
Identities = 25/73 (34%), Positives = 41/73 (56%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGG 66
++ +N R GL+D +A+ LE G +GG LDV EP + P+LK +V +TPH+ G
Sbjct: 230 TAYFINTARAGLVDEDALIEALEEGKIGGAALDVFPEEPLPADHPLLKLDNVTLTPHIAG 289
Query: 67 VTEHSYRSTAKVV 79
T + +++
Sbjct: 290 ATRDVAERSPEII 302
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 310
>gnl|CDD|223189 COG0111, SerA, Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and related dehydrogenases [Amino acid transport and metabolism]
This domain is inserted into the catalytic domain, the large dehydrogenase and D-lactate dehydrogenase families in SCOP. N-terminal portion of which is represented by family pfam00389. Length = 175
>gnl|CDD|240654 cd12177, 2-Hacid_dh_12, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Score = 77.4 bits (191), Expect = 2e-18
Identities = 38/91 (41%), Positives = 51/91 (56%), Gaps = 2/91 (2%)
Query: 6 TSSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVG 65
+LVN RG L+D EA+ L+SG + G GLDV EP + P+L +++V+ITPH+G
Sbjct: 230 KGVILVNTARGELIDEEALIEALKSGKIAGAGLDVLEEEPIKADHPLLHYENVVITPHIG 289
Query: 66 GVT-EHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTGI 95
T E Y KVV D+ AG GI
Sbjct: 290 AYTYESLYGMGEKVVDDI-EDFLAGKEPKGI 319
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 321
>gnl|CDD|240624 cd05299, CtBP_dh, C-terminal binding protein (CtBP), D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases related repressor
Score = 75.6 bits (187), Expect = 6e-18
Identities = 31/82 (37%), Positives = 43/82 (52%), Gaps = 4/82 (4%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGG 66
+ LVN RGGL+D A+A L+SG + G LDV EP + P+L +V++TPH
Sbjct: 225 GAFLVNTARGGLVDEAALARALKSGRIAGAALDVLEEEPPPADSPLLSAPNVILTPHAAW 284
Query: 67 VTEHSY----RSTAKVVGDVAL 84
+E S R A+ V V
Sbjct: 285 YSEESLAELRRKAAEEVVRVLR 306
The transcriptional corepressor CtBP is a dehydrogenase with sequence and structural similarity to the d2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. CtBP was initially identified as a protein that bound the PXDLS sequence at the adenovirus E1A C terminus, causing the loss of CR-1-mediated transactivation. CtBP binds NAD(H) within a deep cleft, undergoes a conformational change upon NAD binding, and has NAD-dependent dehydrogenase activity. Length = 312
>gnl|CDD|240650 cd12173, PGDH_4, Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Score = 74.8 bits (185), Expect = 1e-17
Identities = 31/82 (37%), Positives = 47/82 (57%), Gaps = 3/82 (3%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGG 66
++L+N RGG++D A+A L+SG + G LDV EP + P+L +V++TPH+G
Sbjct: 221 GAILINTARGGIVDEAALADALKSGKIAGAALDVFEQEPPPADSPLLGLPNVILTPHLGA 280
Query: 67 VTEHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHA 88
TE + A D A Q+ A
Sbjct: 281 STEEAQERVAV---DAAEQVLA 299
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases (PGDHs) catalyze the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDHs come in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases. PGDH in E. coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis form tetramers, with subunits containing a Rossmann-fold NAD binding domain. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Length = 304
>gnl|CDD|240622 cd05198, formate_dh_like, Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family
Formate dehydrogenase, D-specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase, Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Thermostable Phosphite Dehydrogenase, and Hydroxy(phenyl)pyruvate reductase, among others, share a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of formate ion to carbon dioxide with the concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. FDHs of this family contain no metal ions or prosthetic groups. Catalysis occurs though direct transfer of hydride ion to NAD+ without the stages of acid-base catalysis typically found in related dehydrogenases. FDHs are found in all methylotrophic microorganisms in energy production and in the stress responses of plants. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase, among others. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 302
>gnl|CDD|240649 cd12172, PGDH_like_2, Putative D-3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases (PGDHs) catalyze the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDHs come in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily, which also include groups such as L-alanine dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Many, not all, members of this family are dimeric. Length = 306
>gnl|CDD|240625 cd05300, 2-Hacid_dh_1, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomains but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of formate ion to carbon dioxide with the concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. FDHs of this family contain no metal ions or prosthetic groups. Catalysis occurs though direct transfer of the hydride ion to NAD+ without the stages of acid-base catalysis typically found in related dehydrogenases. FDHs are found in all methylotrophic microorganisms in energy production and in the stress responses of plants. Length = 313
>gnl|CDD|223980 COG1052, LdhA, Lactate dehydrogenase and related dehydrogenases [Energy production and conversion / Coenzyme metabolism / General function prediction only]
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH) catalyzes the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDH comes in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases. PGDH in E. coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis form tetramers, with subunits containing a Rossmann-fold NAD binding domain. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Length = 301
>gnl|CDD|240639 cd12162, 2-Hacid_dh_4, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine yydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 307
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases (PGDHs) catalyze the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDHs come in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily, which also include groups such as L-alanine dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Many, not all, members of this family are dimeric. Length = 308
Score = 62.7 bits (153), Expect = 5e-13
Identities = 28/85 (32%), Positives = 43/85 (50%), Gaps = 1/85 (1%)
Query: 10 LVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGVTE 69
+VN RGG++D A+ LE GH+ LDV EP ++P+ +V+ TPH+G T
Sbjct: 225 IVNCARGGIIDEAALYEALEEGHVRAAALDVFEKEP-PTDNPLFDLDNVIATPHLGASTR 283
Query: 70 HSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTG 94
+ + A V + L G P+
Sbjct: 284 EAQENVATQVAEQVLDALKGLPVPN 308
This model represents a long form of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the serA gene of one pathway of serine biosynthesis. Shorter forms, scoring between trusted and noise cutoff, include SerA from E. coli [Amino acid biosynthesis, Serine family]. Length = 525
D-glycerate dehydrogenase (GDH, also known as hydroxypyruvate reductase, HPR) catalyzes the reversible reaction of (R)-glycerate + NAD+ to hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+. In humans, HPR deficiency causes primary hyperoxaluria type 2, characterized by over-excretion of L-glycerate and oxalate in the urine, possibly due to an imbalance in competition with L-lactate dehydrogenase, another formate dehydrogenase (FDH)-like enzyme. GDH, like FDH and other members of the D-specific hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family that also includes L-alanine dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann-fold NAD+ binding form, despite often low sequence identity. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 309
Score = 60.3 bits (147), Expect = 2e-12
Identities = 21/67 (31%), Positives = 34/67 (50%), Gaps = 6/67 (8%)
Query: 9 LLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEP------FDPNDPILKFQSVLITP 62
+LVN+ RG ++D EA+ L+ + G +DV W P P + +V+++P
Sbjct: 222 ILVNVGRGPVVDEEALYEALKERPIAGAAIDVWWRYPSRGDPVAPSRYPFHELPNVIMSP 281
Query: 63 HVGGVTE 69
H G TE
Sbjct: 282 HNAGWTE 288
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 314
Score = 60.4 bits (147), Expect = 3e-12
Identities = 25/61 (40%), Positives = 35/61 (57%)
Query: 10 LVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGVTE 69
+ NI RG L+D +A+ LESG + G LDV EP + P+ +V+ITPHV T+
Sbjct: 243 VSNIARGSLVDTDALVAALESGQIRGAALDVTDPEPLPADHPLWSAPNVIITPHVSWQTQ 302
Query: 70 H 70
Sbjct: 303 E 303
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 334
>gnl|CDD|240632 cd12155, PGDH_1, Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family
Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (PGDH) catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate, which is the first step in serine biosynthesis. Over-expression of PGDH has been implicated as supporting proliferation of certain breast cancers, while PGDH deficiency is linked to defects in mammalian central nervous system development. PGDH is a member of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, enzymes that catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann-fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 314
>gnl|CDD|240641 cd12164, GDH_like_2, Putative glycerate dehydrogenase and related proteins of the D-specific 2-hydroxy dehydrogenase family
Score = 59.8 bits (146), Expect = 4e-12
Identities = 30/85 (35%), Positives = 42/85 (49%), Gaps = 2/85 (2%)
Query: 10 LVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGVTE 69
L+N+ RG L + L+SGHL G LDV EP + P+ + V +TPH+ +T
Sbjct: 218 LINVGRGPHLVEADLLAALDSGHLSGAVLDVFEQEPLPADHPLWRHPRVTVTPHIAAIT- 276
Query: 70 HSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTG 94
S A V + +L AG PL
Sbjct: 277 -DPDSAAAQVAENIRRLEAGEPLPN 300
This group contains a variety of proteins variously identified as glycerate dehydrogenase (GDH, also known as hydroxypyruvate reductase) and other enzymes of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GDH catalyzes the reversible reaction of (R)-glycerate + NAD+ to hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+. 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann-fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 306
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 308
D-Mandelate dehydrogenase (D-ManDH), identified as an enzyme that interconverts benzoylformate and D-mandelate, is a D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family member that catalyzes the conversion of c3-branched 2-ketoacids. D-ManDH exhibits broad substrate specificities for 2-ketoacids with large hydrophobic side chains, particularly those with C3-branched side chains. 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Glycerate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction (R)-glycerate + NAD+ to hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 321
>gnl|CDD|240638 cd12161, GDH_like_1, Putative glycerate dehydrogenase and related proteins of the D-specific 2-hydroxy dehydrogenase family
Score = 57.6 bits (140), Expect = 3e-11
Identities = 33/86 (38%), Positives = 48/86 (55%), Gaps = 1/86 (1%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPND-PILKFQSVLITPHVG 65
S++L+N RG ++D EA+A L G + G G+DV EP P D P+L + ++TPHV
Sbjct: 226 SAILINTARGPVVDNEALADALNEGKIAGAGIDVFDMEPPLPADYPLLHAPNTILTPHVA 285
Query: 66 GVTEHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTP 91
TE + A++V D AG P
Sbjct: 286 FATEEAMEKRAEIVFDNIEAWLAGKP 311
This group contains a variety of proteins variously identified as glycerate dehydrogenase (GDH, aka Hydroxypyruvate Reductase) and other enzymes of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GDH catalyzes the reversible reaction of (R)-glycerate + NAD+ to hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+. 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann-fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 315
Hydroxy(phenyl)pyruvate reductase (HPPR) catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of hydroxyphenylpyruvates, hydroxypyruvate, or pyruvate to its respective lactate. HPPR acts as a dimer and is related to D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, a superfamily that includes groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 301
>gnl|CDD|240653 cd12176, PGDH_3, Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases (PGDHs) catalyze the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDHs come in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases. PGDH in E. coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis form tetramers, with subunits containing a Rossmann-fold NAD binding domain. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Length = 304
>gnl|CDD|240655 cd12178, 2-Hacid_dh_13, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Score = 56.9 bits (138), Expect = 5e-11
Identities = 29/94 (30%), Positives = 48/94 (51%), Gaps = 6/94 (6%)
Query: 6 TSSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVG 65
++ L+N RG L+D +A+ L++G + G LDV EP + + + K +V++TPH+G
Sbjct: 227 PTAYLINAARGPLVDEKALVDALKTGEIAGAALDVFEFEP-EVSPELKKLDNVILTPHIG 285
Query: 66 GVTEHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTGIEPVN 99
T + + AK D + L G P N
Sbjct: 286 NATVEARDAMAKEAADNIISF-----LEGKRPKN 314
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 317
>gnl|CDD|240636 cd12159, 2-Hacid_dh_2, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
Score = 56.1 bits (136), Expect = 9e-11
Identities = 32/89 (35%), Positives = 43/89 (48%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGG 66
+ LVN+ RG L+D +A+ L SG + G LDV EP P+ + LITPHV
Sbjct: 208 HAWLVNVARGPLVDTDALVDALRSGEIAGAALDVTDPEPLPDGHPLWSLPNALITPHVAN 267
Query: 67 VTEHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTGI 95
E A+ V + AG PL G+
Sbjct: 268 TPEVIRPLLAERVAENVRAFAAGEPLLGV 296
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 303
Phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH), a member of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, catalyzes the NAD-dependent formation of phosphate from phosphite (hydrogen phosphonate). PTDH has been suggested as a potential enzyme for cofactor regeneration systems. The D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD-binding domain. Length = 318
>gnl|CDD|240663 cd12187, LDH_like_1, D-Lactate and related Dehydrogenase like proteins, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and is a member of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. LDH is homologous to D-2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase(D-HicDH) and shares the 2 domain structure of formate dehydrogenase. D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase-like (HicDH) proteins are NAD-dependent members of the hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family, and share the Rossmann fold typical of many NAD binding proteins. HicDH from Lactobacillus casei forms a monomer and catalyzes the reaction R-CO-COO(-) + NADH + H+ to R-COH-COO(-) + NAD+. D-HicDH, like the structurally distinct L-HicDH, exhibits low side-chain R specificity, accepting a wide range of 2-oxocarboxylic acid side chains. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 329
>gnl|CDD|240620 cd01619, LDH_like, D-Lactate and related Dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and is a member of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. LDH is homologous to D-2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase (D-HicDH) and shares the 2 domain structure of formate dehydrogenase. D-HicDH is a NAD-dependent member of the hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family, and shares the Rossmann fold typical of many NAD binding proteins. D-HicDH from Lactobacillus casei forms a monomer and catalyzes the reaction R-CO-COO(-) + NADH + H+ to R-COH-COO(-) + NAD+. Similar to the structurally distinct L-HicDH, D-HicDH exhibits low side-chain R specificity, accepting a wide range of 2-oxocarboxylic acid side chains. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (HGDH) catalyzes the NAD-dependent reduction of 2-oxoglutarate to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 323
>gnl|CDD|240661 cd12185, HGDH_LDH_like, Putative Lactate dehydrogenase and (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase-like proteins, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
This group contains various putative dehydrogenases related to D-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (HGDH), and related enzymes, members of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases family. LDH catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and HGDH catalyzes the NAD-dependent reduction of 2-oxoglutarate to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate. Despite often low sequence identity within this 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 322
>gnl|CDD|240644 cd12167, 2-Hacid_dh_8, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
Score = 52.9 bits (128), Expect = 1e-09
Identities = 30/88 (34%), Positives = 43/88 (48%), Gaps = 3/88 (3%)
Query: 8 SLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGV 67
+ +N RG L+D A+ L SG L LDV EP P+ P+ +VL+TPH+ G
Sbjct: 234 ATFINTARGALVDEAALLAELRSGRLRAA-LDVTDPEPLPPDSPLRTLPNVLLTPHIAGS 292
Query: 68 T-EHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTG 94
T + R + ++ L AG PL
Sbjct: 293 TGDERRRLGDYALDELERFL-AGEPLLH 319
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 330
Score = 52.3 bits (126), Expect = 2e-09
Identities = 26/77 (33%), Positives = 36/77 (46%), Gaps = 14/77 (18%)
Query: 7 SSLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDV------------AWTEPFDP--NDPI 52
++L+N RG L D EA+ LESG L G G DV + DP +
Sbjct: 227 GAILINTARGELQDEEAILEALESGKLAGFGTDVLNNEKEIFFKDFDGDKIEDPVVEKLL 286
Query: 53 LKFQSVLITPHVGGVTE 69
+ VL+TPH+G T+
Sbjct: 287 DLYPRVLLTPHIGSYTD 303
(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (HGDH) catalyzes the NAD-dependent reduction of 2-oxoglutarate to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate. HGDH is a member of the D-2-hydroxyacid NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase family; these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 330
>gnl|CDD|215893 pfam00389, 2-Hacid_dh, D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, catalytic domain
Score = 51.9 bits (125), Expect = 3e-09
Identities = 24/91 (26%), Positives = 38/91 (41%), Gaps = 3/91 (3%)
Query: 9 LLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGVT 68
+ N GG+++ A+ LE G V P N P+L +V++TPH+ G T
Sbjct: 225 AINNARGGGVIEEAALDALLEEGIAAAALDVVEEEPP-PVNSPLLDLPNVILTPHIAGAT 283
Query: 69 EHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPLTGIEPVN 99
E + + A+ + L G VN
Sbjct: 284 EEAQENMAEEAAENLLAFLKGGTPPN--AVN 312
This family represents the largest portion of the catalytic domain of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases as the NAD binding domain is inserted within the structural domain. Length = 312
>gnl|CDD|240637 cd12160, 2-Hacid_dh_3, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 310
Score = 50.4 bits (121), Expect = 9e-09
Identities = 25/81 (30%), Positives = 39/81 (48%), Gaps = 9/81 (11%)
Query: 10 LVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPF----DPNDP-----ILKFQSVLI 60
+N RG ++ + + L+SG + G LDV E N P ++K V++
Sbjct: 221 FINTARGKVVVTKDLVKALKSGKILGACLDVLEYEKASFESIFNQPEAFEYLIKSPKVIL 280
Query: 61 TPHVGGVTEHSYRSTAKVVGD 81
TPH+ G T SY A+V+ D
Sbjct: 281 TPHIAGWTFESYEKIAEVLVD 301
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 306
>gnl|CDD|240643 cd12166, 2-Hacid_dh_7, Putative D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases
Score = 49.9 bits (120), Expect = 2e-08
Identities = 34/84 (40%), Positives = 42/84 (50%), Gaps = 1/84 (1%)
Query: 9 LLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGVT 68
LLVN+ RG ++D +A+ L SG L LDV EP P P+ VLITPHVGG T
Sbjct: 214 LLVNVARGPVVDTDALVAELASGRLR-AALDVTDPEPLPPGHPLWSAPGVLITPHVGGAT 272
Query: 69 EHSYRSTAKVVGDVALQLHAGTPL 92
+V + AG PL
Sbjct: 273 PAFLPRAYALVRRQLRRYAAGEPL 296
2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. Length = 300
Score = 48.9 bits (117), Expect = 4e-08
Identities = 26/61 (42%), Positives = 34/61 (55%)
Query: 8 SLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLITPHVGGV 67
+ LVN RG + D EAVA LESGHL G DV + +P + P + +TPH+ G
Sbjct: 248 AYLVNTARGKICDREAVAEALESGHLAGYAGDVWFPQPAPKDHPWRTMPNNAMTPHISGT 307
Query: 68 T 68
T
Sbjct: 308 T 308
NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of a formate anion to carbon dioxide coupled with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family have 2 highly similar subdomains of the alpha/beta form, with NAD binding occurring in the cleft between subdomains. NAD contacts are primarily to the Rossmann-fold NAD-binding domain which is inserted within the linear sequence of the more diverse flavodoxin-like catalytic subdomain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. FDHs of this family contain no metal ions or prosthetic groups. Catalysis occurs though direct transfer of the hydride ion to NAD+ without the stages of acid-base catalysis typically found in related dehydrogenases. FDHs are found in all methylotrophic microorganisms in energy production from C1 compounds such as methanol, and in the stress responses of plants. NAD-dependent FDH is useful in cofactor regeneration in asymmetrical biocatalytic reduction processes, where FDH irreversibly oxidizes formate to carbon dioxide, while reducing the oxidized form of the cofactor to the reduced form. Length = 348
>gnl|CDD|240659 cd12183, LDH_like_2, D-Lactate and related Dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Score = 46.7 bits (112), Expect = 2e-07
Identities = 29/67 (43%), Positives = 37/67 (55%), Gaps = 13/67 (19%)
Query: 10 LVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAWTEPF----DPNDPI---------LKFQ 56
L+N RGGL+D +A+ L+SG +GGLGLDV E D +D I L F
Sbjct: 229 LINTSRGGLIDTKALIEALKSGKIGGLGLDVYEEEAGLFFEDHSDEIIQDDVLARLLSFP 288
Query: 57 SVLITPH 63
+VLIT H
Sbjct: 289 NVLITGH 295
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and is a member of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. LDH is homologous to D-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase (D-HicDH) and shares the 2-domain structure of formate dehydrogenase. D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase-like (HicDH) proteins are NAD-dependent members of the hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family, and share the Rossmann fold typical of many NAD binding proteins. HicDH from Lactobacillus casei forms a monomer and catalyzes the reaction R-CO-COO(-) + NADH + H+ to R-COH-COO(-) + NAD+. D-HicDH, like the structurally distinct L-HicDH, exhibits low side-chain R specificity, accepting a wide range of 2-oxocarboxylic acid side chains. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 328
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and is a member of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases family. LDH is homologous to D-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid dehydrogenase(D-HicDH) and shares the 2 domain structure of formate dehydrogenase. D-HicDH is a NAD-dependent member of the hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase family, and shares the Rossmann fold typical of many NAD binding proteins. HicDH from Lactobacillus casei forms a monomer and catalyzes the reaction R-CO-COO(-) + NADH + H+ to R-COH-COO(-) + NAD+. D-HicDH, like the structurally distinct L-HicDH, exhibits low side-chain R specificity, accepting a wide range of 2-oxocarboxylic acid side chains. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Length = 329
>gnl|CDD|240651 cd12174, PGDH_like_3, Putative D-3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenases, NAD-binding and catalytic domains
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenases (PGDHs) catalyze the initial step in the biosynthesis of L-serine from D-3-phosphoglycerate. PGDHs come in 3 distinct structural forms, with this first group being related to 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, sharing structural similarity to formate and glycerate dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily, which also include groups such as L-alanine dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Many, not all, members of this family are dimeric. Length = 305
Score = 36.0 bits (84), Expect = 0.001
Identities = 29/99 (29%), Positives = 46/99 (46%), Gaps = 15/99 (15%)
Query: 8 SLLVNIVRGGLLDYEAVAHYLESGHLGGLGLDVAW-TEPFDPNDPILKFQSVLI-TPHVG 65
+L+N RG ++D +A+ L+ G + LDV W EP + + +L V I TPH+
Sbjct: 200 QILINASRGAVIDNQALLALLQRGKDLRVVLDV-WENEP-EIDLELLDK--VDIATPHIA 255
Query: 66 GVTEHSY----RSTAKVVGDVA--LQLHAGTPLTGIEPV 98
G +S R T + + L L A L+ + P
Sbjct: 256 G---YSLEGKARGTEMIYEALCQFLGLKARKSLSDLLPA 291
D-Erythronate-4-phosphate Dehydrogenase (E. coli gene PdxB), a D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family member, catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of erythronate-4-phosphate, which is followed by transamination to form 4-hydroxy-L-threonine-4-phosphate within the de novo biosynthesis pathway of vitamin B6. D-Erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase has the common architecture shared with D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases but contains an additional C-terminal dimerization domain in addition to an NAD-binding domain and the "lid" domain. The lid domain corresponds to the catalytic domain of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and other proteins of the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, which include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. Length = 343
>COG1052 LdhA Lactate dehydrogenase and related dehydrogenases [Energy production and conversion / Coenzyme metabolism / General function prediction only]
This model represents a long form of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the serA gene of one pathway of serine biosynthesis. Shorter forms, scoring between trusted and noise cutoff, include SerA from E. coli.
>PF02826 2-Hacid_dh_C: D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain; InterPro: IPR006140 A number of NAD-dependent 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases which seem to be specific for the D-isomer of their substrate have been shown to be functionally and structurally related
All contain a glycine-rich region located in the central section of these enzymes, this region corresponds to the NAD-binding domain. The catalytic domain is described in IPR006139 from INTERPRO ; GO: 0016616 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor, 0048037 cofactor binding, 0055114 oxidation-reduction process; PDB: 3JTM_A 3NAQ_B 3N7U_J 3KB6_B 3GG9_A 1QP8_B 2CUK_C 2W2L_D 2W2K_A 1WWK_A ....
This enzyme hydrolyzes adenosylhomocysteine as part of a cycle for the regeneration of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine. Species that lack this enzyme are likely to have adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9), an enzyme which also acts as 5'-methyladenosine nucleosidase (see TIGR01704).
>PF00389 2-Hacid_dh: D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, catalytic domain; InterPro: IPR006139 A number of NAD-dependent 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases which seem to be specific for the D-isomer of their substrate have been shown to be functionally and structurally related
The catalytic domain contains a number of conserved charged residues which may play a role in the catalytic mechanism. The NAD-binding domain is described in IPR006140 from INTERPRO ; GO: 0016616 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor, 0051287 NAD binding, 0008152 metabolic process, 0055114 oxidation-reduction process; PDB: 2DLD_A 2G76_B 3DC2_B 1YGY_B 3DDN_A 3KB6_B 3K5P_A 3EVT_A 1WWK_B 1GDH_A ....
>PF03279 Lip_A_acyltrans: Bacterial lipid A biosynthesis acyltransferase; InterPro: IPR004960 Bacterial lipopolysachharides (LPS) are glycolipids that make up the outer monolayer of the outer membranes of most Gram-negative bacteria
Though LPS moleculesare variable, they all show the same general features: an outer polysaccharide which is attached to the lipid component, termed lipid A []. The polysaccharide component consists of a variable repeat-structure polysaccharide known as the O-antigen, and a highly conserved short core oligosaccharide which connects the O-antigen to lipid A. Lipid A is a glucosamine-based phospholipid that makes up the membrane anchor region of LPS []. The structure of lipid A is relatively invariant between species, presumably reflecting its fundamental role in membrane integrity. Recognition of lipid A by the innate immune system can lead to a response even at picomolar levels. In some genera, such as Neisseria and Haemophilus, lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are the predominant glycolipids []. These are analogous to LPS except that they lack O-antigens, with the LOS oligosaccharide structures limited to 10 saccharide units. The bacterial lipid A biosynthesis protein, or lipid A biosynthesis (KDO)2-(lauroyl)-lipid IVA acyltransferase 2.3.1 from EC, transfers myristate or laurate, activated on ACP, to the lipid IVA moiety of (KDO)2-(lauroyl)-lipid IVA during lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis.; GO: 0016746 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, 0009244 lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process, 0016021 integral to membrane
>PF04577 DUF563: Protein of unknown function (DUF563); InterPro: IPR007657 This is a family of uncharacterised glycosyltransferases belonging to glycosyltransferase family 61
>cd00401 AdoHcyase S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHycase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHyc) to form adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy)
The equilibrium lies far on the side of AdoHyc synthesis, but in nature the removal of Ado and Hyc is sufficiently fast, so that the net reaction is in the direction of hydrolysis. Since AdoHyc is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent methyltransferases, AdoHycase plays a critical role in the modulation of the activity of various methyltransferases. The enzyme forms homooligomers of 45-50kDa subunits, each binding one molecule of NAD+.
>PF06345 Drf_DAD: DRF Autoregulatory Domain; InterPro: IPR010465 This domain is found in Diaphanous-related formins (Drfs)
It binds the N-terminal GTPase-binding domain; this link is broken when GTP-bound Rho binds to the GBD and activates the protein. The addition of diaphanous activating domains (DAD) to mammalian cells induces actin filament formation, stabilises microtubules, and activates serum-response mediated transcription [].; PDB: 3O4X_H 3OBV_E 2BAP_C 2F31_B.
>4hy3_A Phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase; PSI-biology, structural genomics, protein structure initiati acid transport and metabolism, NAD binding domain.; 2.80A {Rhizobium etli}
>1xdw_A NAD+-dependent (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase; structural variant of the BAB rossmann fold, oxidoreductase; 1.98A {Acidaminococcus fermentans}
>2ekl_A D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; structural genomics, NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and functional analyses; HET: NAD; 1.77A {Sulfolobus tokodaii}
>2eez_A Alanine dehydrogenase; TTHA0216, structural genomic NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and function analyses; 2.71A {Thermus thermophilus}
