Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. It can both act as a peptide transferase that transfers GalNAc onto unmodified peptide substrates, and as a glycopeptide transferase that requires the prior addition of a GalNAc on a peptide before adding additional GalNAc moieties. Prefers the monoglycosylated Muc5AC-3 as substrate. Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227) EC: 2EC: .EC: 4EC: .EC: 1EC: .EC: 4EC: 1
Probable glycopeptide transferase involved in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Glycopeptide transferases catalyze the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to an already glycosylated peptide (By similarity). In contrast to other members of the family, it does not act as a peptide transferase that transfers GalNAc onto serine or threonine residue on peptides that have been tested. Some peptide transferase activity is however not excluded, considering that its appropriate peptide substrate may remain unidentified.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has activity toward EA2 peptide substrate, but has a weak activity toward Muc2 or Muc1b substrates.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has activity toward EA2 peptide substrate, but has a weak activity toward Muc2 or Muc1b substrates.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has activity toward EA2 peptide substrate, but has a weak activity toward Muc2, Muc1b, rMuc-2 or mG-Muc substrates.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has a broad spectrum of substrates for peptides such as EA2, Muc5AC, Muc1a, Muc1b. Probably involved in O-linked glycosylation of the immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) hinge region.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has a broad spectrum of substrates for peptides such as EA2, Muc5AC, Muc1a, Muc1b. Probably involved in O-linked glycosylation of the immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) hinge region.
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. It can both act as a peptide transferase that transfers GalNAc onto unmodified peptide substrates, and as a glycopeptide transferase that requires the prior addition of a GalNAc on a peptide before adding additional GalNAc moieties. Prefers the monoglycosylated Muc5AC-3 as substrate.
Score = 139 bits (349), Expect = 7e-33, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 59/95 (62%), Positives = 73/95 (76%), Gaps = 1/95 (1%)
Query: 1 MAGGLFAVDRKYFFELGSYDQQMEVWGGENLEISFRVWMCGGSLECVPCSRIGHIFRSHH 60
+AGGLF +D+ +F LG YD M++WGGEN EISFRVWMCGGSLE VPCSR+GH+FR H
Sbjct: 280 IAGGLFVIDKAWFDYLGKYDMDMDIWGGENFEISFRVWMCGGSLEIVPCSRVGHVFRKKH 339
Query: 61 PYTFP-GGKDTHGINTARLVEIWMDDYKRLFYAHR 94
PY FP G +T+ NT R E+WMD+YK+ +YA R
Sbjct: 340 PYVFPDGNANTYIKNTKRTAEVWMDEYKQYYYAAR 374
Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Displays activity toward mucin-derived peptide substrates such as Muc2, Muc5AC, Muc7, and Muc13 (-58). May be involved in O-glycosylation in kidney.
Homo sapiens (taxid: 9606)
EC: 2
EC: .
EC: 4
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: .
EC: 4
EC: 1
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pp-GalNAc-T) initiate the formation of mucin-type, O-linked glycans by catalyzing the transfer of alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to hydroxyl groups of Ser or Thr residues of core proteins to form the Tn antigen (GalNAc-a-1-O-Ser/Thr). These enzymes are type II membrane proteins with a GT-A type catalytic domain and a lectin domain located on the lumen side of the Golgi apparatus. In human, there are 15 isozymes of pp-GalNAc-Ts, representing the largest of all glycosyltransferase families. Each isozyme has unique but partially redundant substrate specificity for glycosylation sites on acceptor proteins. Length = 299
>gnl|CDD|217196 pfam02709, Glyco_transf_7C, N-terminal domain of galactosyltransferase
This is the N-terminal domain of a family of galactosyltransferases from a wide range of Metazoa with three related galactosyltransferases activities, all three of which are possessed by one sequence in some cases. EC:2.4.1.90, N-acetyllactosamine synthase; EC:2.4.1.38, Beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide beta-1,4- galactosyltransferase; and EC:2.4.1.22 Lactose synthase. Note that N-acetyllactosamine synthase is a component of Lactose synthase along with alpha-lactalbumin, in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin EC:2.4.1.90 is the catalyzed reaction. Length = 78
UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (pp-GalNAc-T) initiate the formation of mucin-type, O-linked glycans by catalyzing the transfer of alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to hydroxyl groups of Ser or Thr residues of core proteins to form the Tn antigen (GalNAc-a-1-O-Ser/Thr). These enzymes are type II membrane proteins with a GT-A type catalytic domain and a lectin domain located on the lumen side of the Golgi apparatus. In human, there are 15 isozymes of pp-GalNAc-Ts, representing the largest of all glycosyltransferase families. Each isozyme has unique but partially redundant substrate specificity for glycosylation sites on acceptor proteins.
>PF02709 Glyco_transf_7C: N-terminal domain of galactosyltransferase; InterPro: IPR003859 This is a family of galactosyltransferases from a wide range of metazoa with three related galactosyltransferase activities; all three of which are possessed by one sequence in some cases
The three functions are N-acetyllactosamine synthase (2.4.1.90 from EC); beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (2.4.1.38 from EC); and lactose synthase (2.4.1.22 from EC). Note that N-acetyllactosamine synthase is a component of lactose synthase along with alpha-lactalbumin, in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin N-acetyllactosamine synthase is used.; GO: 0016757 transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups, 0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; PDB: 2AGD_B 3EE5_A 2AE7_B 2AEC_A 2FYA_A 2AES_B 2AH9_A 2FYB_A 2FY7_A 3LW6_A ....
>PF10111 Glyco_tranf_2_2: Glycosyltransferase like family 2; InterPro: IPR019290 This conserved domain is found in a set of prokaryotic proteins including putative glucosyltransferases, which are involved in bacterial capsule biosynthesis [, ]
>cd00899 b4GalT Beta-4-Galactosyltransferase is involved in the formation of the poly-N-acetyllactosamine core structures present in glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids
Beta-4-Galactosyltransferase transfers galactose from uridine diphosphogalactose to the terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues, hereby forming the poly-N-acetyllactosamine core structures present in glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. At least seven homologous beta-4-galactosyltransferase isoforms have been identified that use different types of glycoproteins and glycolipids as substrates. Of the seven identified members of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase subfamily (beta1,4-Gal-T1 to -T7), b1,4-Gal-T1 is most characterized (biochemically). It is a Golgi-resident type II membrane enzyme with a cytoplasmic domain, membrane spanning region, and a stem region and catalytic domain facing the lumen.
>cd06420 GT2_Chondriotin_Pol_N N-terminal domain of Chondroitin polymerase functions as a GalNAc transferase
Chondroitin polymerase is a two domain, bi-functional protein. The N-terminal domain functions as a GalNAc transferase. The bacterial chondroitin polymerase catalyzes elongation of the chondroitin chain by alternatively transferring the GlcUA and GalNAc moiety from UDP-GlcUA and UDP-GalNAc to the non-reducing ends of the chondroitin chain. The enzyme consists of N-terminal and C-terminal domains in which the two active sites catalyze the addition of GalNAc and GlcUA, respectively. Chondroitin chains range from 40 to over 100 repeating units of the disaccharide. Sulfated chondroitins are involved in the regulation of various biological functions such as central nervous system development, wound repair, infection, growth factor signaling, and morphogenesis, in addition to its conventional structural roles. In Caenorhabditis elegans, chondroitin is an essential factor for the worm
Rhamnolipids are glycolipids containing mono- or di- L-rhamnose molecules. Rhamnolipid synthesis occurs by sequential glycosyltransferase reactions involving two distinct rhamnosyltransferase enzymes. In P.aeruginosa, the synthesis of mono-rhamnolipids is catalyzed by rhamnosyltransferase 1, and proceeds by a glycosyltransfer reaction catalyzed by rhamnosyltransferase 2 to yield di-rhamnolipids.
>cd04186 GT_2_like_c Subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2 of unknown function
GT-2 includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
>cd02526 GT2_RfbF_like RfbF is a putative dTDP-rhamnosyl transferase
Shigella flexneri RfbF protein is a putative dTDP-rhamnosyl transferase. dTDP rhamnosyl transferases of Shigella flexneri add rhamnose sugars to N-acetyl-glucosamine in the O-antigen tetrasaccharide repeat. Lipopolysaccharide O antigens are important virulence determinants for many bacteria. The variations of sugar composition, the sequence of the sugars and the linkages in the O antigen provide structural diversity of the O antigen.
>PF13641 Glyco_tranf_2_3: Glycosyltransferase like family 2; PDB: 4FIY_B 4FIX_A
The rfbC gene encodes a predicted protein of 1,276 amino acids, which is required for O-antigen biosynthesis in Myxococcus xanthus. It is a subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2, which includes diverse families of glycosyl transferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds.
>cd02525 Succinoglycan_BP_ExoA ExoA is involved in the biosynthesis of succinoglycan
Succinoglycan Biosynthesis Protein ExoA catalyzes the formation of a beta-1,3 linkage of the second sugar (glucose) of the succinoglycan with the galactose on the lipid carrie. Succinoglycan is an acidic exopolysaccharide that is important for invasion of the nodules. Succinoglycan is a high-molecular-weight polymer composed of repeating octasaccharide units. These units are synthesized on membrane-bound isoprenoid lipid carriers, beginning with galactose followed by seven glucose molecules, and modified by the addition of acetate, succinate, and pyruvate. ExoA is a membrane protein with a transmembrance domain at c-terminus.
>cd06435 CESA_NdvC_like NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase
NdvC_like proteins in this family are putative bacterial beta-(1,6)-glucosyltransferase. Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans during growth under hypoosmotic conditions. Two genes (ndvB, ndvC) are involved in the beta-(1, 3), beta-(1,6)-glucan synthesis. The ndvC mutant strain resulted in synthesis of altered cyclic beta-glucans composed almost entirely of beta-(1, 3)-glycosyl linkages. The periplasmic cyclic beta-(1,3),beta-(1,6)-D-glucans function for osmoregulation. The ndvC mutation also affects the ability of the bacteria to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with host plant. Thus, the beta-glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response.
>cd04185 GT_2_like_b Subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2 of unknown function
GT-2 includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
>cd02522 GT_2_like_a GT_2_like_a represents a glycosyltransferase family-2 subfamily with unknown function
Glycosyltransferase family 2 (GT-2) subfamily of unknown function. GT-2 includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
>cd02520 Glucosylceramide_synthase Glucosylceramide synthase catalyzes the first glycosylation step of glycosphingolipid synthesis
UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase (glucosylceramide synthase or ceramide glucosyltransferase) catalyzes the first glycosylation step of glycosphingolipid synthesis. Its product, glucosylceramide, serves as the core of more than 300 glycosphingolipids (GSL). GSLs are a group of membrane components that have the lipid portion embedded in the outer plasma membrane leaflet and the sugar chains extended to the outer environment. Several lines of evidence suggest the importance of GSLs in various cellular processes such as differentiation, adhesion, proliferation, and cell-cell recognition. In pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, glucosylceramide serves as an antigen that elicits an antibody response in patients and it is essential for fungal growth in host extracellular environment.
>cd06437 CESA_CaSu_A2 Cellulose synthase catalytic subunit A2 (CESA2) is a catalytic subunit or a catalytic subunit substitute of the cellulose synthase complex
Cellulose synthase (CESA) catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose using UDP-glucose as the substrate. Cellulose is an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues, which is an abundant polysaccharide produced by plants and in varying degrees by several other organisms including algae, bacteria, fungi, and even some animals. Genomes from higher plants harbor multiple CESA genes. There are ten in Arabidopsis. At least three different CESA proteins are required to form a functional complex. In Arabidopsis, CESA1, 3 and 6 and CESA4, 7 and 8, are required for cellulose biosynthesis during primary and secondary cell wall formation. CESA2 is very closely related to CESA6 and is viewed as a prime substitute for CESA6. They functionally compensate each other. The cesa2 and cesa6 double mutant plants we
>cd06421 CESA_CelA_like CESA_CelA_like are involved in the elongation of the glucan chain of cellulose
Family of proteins related to Agrobacterium tumefaciens CelA and Gluconacetobacter xylinus BscA. These proteins are involved in the elongation of the glucan chain of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues. They are putative catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase, which is a glycosyltransferase using UDP-glucose as the substrate. The catalytic subunit is an integral membrane protein with 6 transmembrane segments and it is postulated that the protein is anchored in the membrane at the N-terminal end.
The cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily includes a wide variety of glycosyltransferase family 2 enzymes that share the common characteristic of catalyzing the elongation of polysaccharide chains. The members include cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, chitin synthase, Glucan Biosynthesis protein and other families of CESA-like proteins. Cellulose synthase catalyzes the polymerization reaction of cellulose, an aggregate of unbranched polymers of beta-1,4-linked glucose residues in plants, most algae, some bacteria and fungi, and even some animals. In bacteria, algae and lower eukaryotes, there is a second unrelated type of cellulose synthase (Type II), which produces acylated cellulose, a derivative of cellulose. Chitin synthase catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from substrate UDP-GlcNAc into chitin, which is a linear homopolymer of beta-(1,4)-linked GlcNAc residues and Glucan Biosynthesis prot
>cd04192 GT_2_like_e Subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2 of unknown function
GT-2 includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
>cd06433 GT_2_WfgS_like WfgS and WfeV are involved in O-antigen biosynthesis
Escherichia coli WfgS and Shigella dysenteriae WfeV are glycosyltransferase 2 family enzymes involved in O-antigen biosynthesis. GT-2 enzymes have GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
This family includes human Beta3GnTL1 and related eukaryotic proteins. Human Beta3GnTL1 is a putative beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Beta3GnTL1 is expressed at various levels in most of tissues examined. Beta 1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase has been found to be essential for the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine. Poly-N-acetyllactosamine is a unique carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats. It is often an important part of cell-type-specific oligosaccharide structures and some functional oligosaccharides. It has been shown that the structure and biosynthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine display a dramatic change during development and oncogenesis. Several members of beta-1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase have been identified.
This family of genes include a glycosyl transferase, group 2 domain (pfam00535) which are responsible, generally for the transfer of nucleotide-diphosphate sugars to substrates such as polysaccharides and lipids. The genes of this family are often found in the same genetic locus with squalene-hopene cyclase genes, and are never associated with genes for the metabolism of phytoene. Indeed, the members of this family appear to never be found in a genome lacking squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC), although not all genomes encoding SHC have this glycosyl transferase. In the organism Zymomonas mobilis the linkage of this gene to hopanoid biosynthesis has been noted and the gene named HpnB. Hopanoids are known to feature polar glycosyl head groups in many organisms.
>TIGR03472 HpnI hopanoid biosynthesis associated glycosyl transferase protein HpnI
This family of genes include a glycosyl transferase, group 2 domain (pfam00535) which are responsible, generally for the transfer of nucleotide-diphosphate sugars to substrates such as polysaccharides and lipids. The member of this clade from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 (AFE_0974) is found in the same locus as squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC, TIGR01507) and other genes associated with the biosynthesis of hopanoid natural products. Similarly, in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (Reut_B4902) this gene is adjacent to HpnAB, IspH and HpnH (TIGR03470), although SHC itself is elsewhere in the genome. Notably, this gene (here named HpnI) and three others form a conserved set (HpnIJKL) which occur in a subset of all genomes containing the SHC enzyme. This relationship was discerned using the method of partial phylogenetic profiling. This group includes Zymomonas mobilis, the organism where the initial hopano
>cd04195 GT2_AmsE_like GT2_AmsE_like is involved in exopolysaccharide amylovora biosynthesis
AmsE is a glycosyltransferase involved in exopolysaccharide amylovora biosynthesis in Erwinia amylovora. Amylovara is one of the three exopolysaccharide produced by E. amylovora. Amylovara-deficient mutants are non-pathogenic. It is a subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2, which includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds.
Members of this protein family probable glycosyltransferases of family 2, whose genes are near those for Gram-positive proteins (TIGR03110) related to the proposed exosortase (TIGR02602).
Proteins similar to eukaryotic DPM1, including enzymes from bacteria and archaea; DPM1 is the catalytic subunit of eukaryotic dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase. DPM synthase is required for synthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, N-glycan precursor, protein O-mannose, and C-mannose. In higher eukaryotes,the enzyme has three subunits, DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3. DPM is synthesized from dolichol phosphate and GDP-Man on the cytosolic surface of the ER membrane by DPM synthase and then is flipped onto the luminal side and used as a donor substrate. In lower eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trypanosoma brucei, DPM synthase consists of a single component (Dpm1p and TbDpm1, respectively) that possesses one predicted transmembrane region near the C terminus for anchoring to the ER membrane. In contrast, the Dpm1 homologues of higher eukaryotes, namely fission yeast, fungi,
Cellulose synthase catalyzes the beta-1,4 polymerization of glucose residues in the formation of cellulose. In bacteria, the substrate is UDP-glucose. The synthase consists of two subunits (or domains in the frequent cases where it is encoded as a single polypeptide), the catalytic domain modelled here and the regulatory domain (pfam03170). The regulatory domain binds the allosteric activator cyclic di-GMP. The protein is membrane-associated and probably assembles into multimers such that the individual cellulose strands can self-assemble into multi-strand fibrils.
>PF13506 Glyco_transf_21: Glycosyl transferase family 21
Hyaluronan synthases (HASs) are bi-functional glycosyltransferases that catalyze polymerization of hyaluronan. HASs transfer both GlcUA and GlcNAc in beta-(1,3) and beta-(1,4) linkages, respectively to the hyaluronan chain using UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcUA as substrates. HA is made as a free glycan, not attached to a protein or lipid. HASs do not need a primer for HA synthesis; they initiate HA biosynthesis de novo with only UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-GlcUA, and Mg2+. Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear heteropolysaccharide composed of (1-3)-linked beta-D-GlcUA-beta-D-GlcNAc disaccharide repeats. It can be found in vertebrates and a few microbes and is typically on the cell surface or in the extracellular space, but is also found inside mammalian cells. Hyaluronan has several physiochemical and biological functions such as space filling, lubrication, and providing a hydrated matrix through which cells can migrate.
>cd04191 Glucan_BSP_ModH Glucan_BSP_ModH catalyzes the elongation of beta-1,2 polyglucose chains of glucan
Periplasmic Glucan Biosynthesis protein ModH is a glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the elongation of beta-1,2 polyglucose chains of glucan, requiring a beta-glucoside as a primer and UDP-glucose as a substrate. Glucans are composed of 5 to 10 units of glucose forming a highly branched structure, where beta-1,2-linked glucose constitutes a linear backbone to which branches are attached by beta-1,6 linkages. In Escherichia coli, glucans are located in the periplasmic space, functioning as regulator of osmolarity. It is synthesized at a maximum when cells are grown in a medium with low osmolarity. It has been shown to span the cytoplasmic membrane.
>cd04190 Chitin_synth_C C-terminal domain of Chitin Synthase catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from substrate UDP-GlcNAc into chitin
Chitin synthase, also called UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from substrate UDP-GlcNAc into chitin, which is a linear homopolymer of GlcNAc residues formed by covalent beta-1,4 linkages. Chitin is an important component of the cell wall of fungi and bacteria and it is synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane by membrane bound chitin synthases. Studies with fungi have revealed that most of them contain more than one chitin synthase gene. At least five subclasses of chitin synthases have been identified.
>cd06439 CESA_like_1 CESA_like_1 is a member of the cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily
This is a subfamily of cellulose synthase (CESA) superfamily. CESA superfamily includes a wide variety of glycosyltransferase family 2 enzymes that share the common characteristic of catalyzing the elongation of polysaccharide chains. The members of the superfamily include cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, chitin synthase, glucan biosynthesis protein and other families of CESA-like proteins.
>cd04196 GT_2_like_d Subfamily of Glycosyltransferase Family GT2 of unknown function
GT-2 includes diverse families of glycosyltransferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. These are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. Glycosyltransferases have been classified into more than 90 distinct sequence based families.
>PF05679 CHGN: Chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; InterPro: IPR008428 This family represents Chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Proteins have a type II transmembrane topology. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic initiation and elongation of chondroitin sulphate and is the key enzyme responsible for the selective chain assembly of chondroitin/dermatan sulphate on the linkage region tetrasaccharide common to various proteoglycans containing chondroitin/dermatan sulphate or heparin/heparan sulphate chains. ; GO: 0016758 transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups, 0032580 Golgi cisterna membrane
>cd00761 Glyco_tranf_GTA_type Glycosyltransferase family A (GT-A) includes diverse families of glycosyl transferases with a common GT-A type structural fold
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are enzymes that synthesize oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates by transferring the sugar moiety from an activated nucleotide-sugar donor to an acceptor molecule, which may be a growing oligosaccharide, a lipid, or a protein. Based on the stereochemistry of the donor and acceptor molecules, GTs are classified as either retaining or inverting enzymes. To date, all GT structures adopt one of two possible folds, termed GT-A fold and GT-B fold. This hierarchy includes diverse families of glycosyl transferases with a common GT-A type structural fold, which has two tightly associated beta/alpha/beta domains that tend to form a continuous central sheet of at least eight beta-strands. The majority of the proteins in this superfamily are Glycosyltransferase family 2 (GT-2) proteins. But it als
>cd04188 DPG_synthase DPG_synthase is involved in protein N-linked glycosylation
UDP-glucose:dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase (DPG_synthase) is a transmembrane-bound enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum involved in protein N-linked glycosylation. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to dolichyl phosphate.
>PRK11234 nfrB bacteriophage N4 adsorption protein B; Provisional
>PF11397 GlcNAc: Glycosyltransferase (GlcNAc); InterPro: IPR021067 GlcNAc is an enzyme that carries out the first glycosylation step of hydroxylated Skp1; it is found in the cytoplasm and results in a pentasaccharide-linked 'HyPro-143[, ]
