3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization. Mus musculus (taxid: 10090) EC: 3EC: .EC: 1EC: .EC: 1EC: 3EC: .EC: 4
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. Required during meiotic maturation to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally. Does not require an adenosine residue at the 3' end, however, the addition of 25 non-adenylate residues at the 3' terminus, or a 3' terminal phosphate is inhibitory. Involved in dormant mRNAs regulation during oocyte maturation by counteracting polyadenylation mediated by papd4/gld2nt in immature eggs. During maturation it is excluded from the ribonucleoprotein complex, allowing poly(A) elongation by papd4/gld2nt and activation of mRNAs.
Score = 73.9 bits (180), Expect = 2e-13, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 34/66 (51%), Positives = 47/66 (71%), Gaps = 4/66 (6%)
Query: 20 KAIKSALFVTIDGEFTGLNNGPNTTP----YDTPAQYYDKIRQGSMDFLLIQFGLCAFKY 75
+AI+ A F IDGEF+G+++GP+ T +DTP + Y K+++ SMDFLL QFGLC FKY
Sbjct: 17 QAIEEADFFAIDGEFSGISDGPSVTALTNGFDTPEERYQKLKKHSMDFLLFQFGLCTFKY 76
Query: 76 DNTTKR 81
D T +
Sbjct: 77 DYTDSK 82
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization (By similarity). Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails.
Score = 73.9 bits (180), Expect = 3e-13, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 34/66 (51%), Positives = 47/66 (71%), Gaps = 4/66 (6%)
Query: 20 KAIKSALFVTIDGEFTGLNNGPN----TTPYDTPAQYYDKIRQGSMDFLLIQFGLCAFKY 75
+AI+ A F IDGEF+G+++GP+ T +DTP + Y K+++ SMDFLL QFGLC FKY
Sbjct: 17 QAIEEADFFAIDGEFSGISDGPSVSALTNGFDTPEERYQKLKKHSMDFLLFQFGLCTFKY 76
Query: 76 DNTTKR 81
D T +
Sbjct: 77 DYTDSK 82
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization.
Score = 73.6 bits (179), Expect = 3e-13, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 34/66 (51%), Positives = 47/66 (71%), Gaps = 4/66 (6%)
Query: 20 KAIKSALFVTIDGEFTGLNNGPN----TTPYDTPAQYYDKIRQGSMDFLLIQFGLCAFKY 75
+AI+ A F IDGEF+G+++GP+ T +DTP + Y K+++ SMDFLL QFGLC FKY
Sbjct: 17 QAIEEADFFAIDGEFSGISDGPSVSALTNGFDTPEERYQKLKKHSMDFLLFQFGLCTFKY 76
Query: 76 DNTTKR 81
D T +
Sbjct: 77 DYTDSK 82
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization.
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.
Score = 47.0 bits (110), Expect = 4e-05, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 21/61 (34%), Positives = 38/61 (62%), Gaps = 2/61 (3%)
Query: 22 IKSALFVTIDGEFTGLNNGP--NTTPYDTPAQYYDKIRQGSMDFLLIQFGLCAFKYDNTT 79
+K+A FV ID E TG+ + P ++ +D Y K++ + F ++QFG+C F++D+ T
Sbjct: 57 VKAADFVAIDLEMTGVTSAPWRDSLEFDRYDVRYLKVKDSAEKFAVVQFGVCPFRWDSRT 116
Query: 80 K 80
+
Sbjct: 117 Q 117
3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. Essential for early development, possibly by participating in silencing certain maternal mRNAs translationally. May have a pivotal role in stress response.
Arabidopsis thaliana (taxid: 3702)
EC: 3
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: .
EC: 1
EC: 3
EC: .
EC: 4
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 52.6 bits (127), Expect = 7e-10
Identities = 18/55 (32%), Positives = 25/55 (45%)
Query: 20 KAIKSALFVTIDGEFTGLNNGPNTTPYDTPAQYYDKIRQGSMDFLLIQFGLCAFK 74
+AI S F+ ID EF G+ P + T Y +R+ +IQ GL F
Sbjct: 17 QAIDSYDFIAIDTEFPGVVARPIGSFRSTSDYRYQALRKNVDRLKIIQLGLTLFD 71
The major pathways of mRNA turnover in eukaryotes initiate with shortening of the polyA tail. CAF1 encodes a critical component of the major cytoplasmic deadenylase in yeast. Both Caf1p is required for normal mRNA deadenylation in vivo and localises to the cytoplasm. Caf1p copurifies with a Ccr4p-dependent polyA-specific exonuclease activity. Some members of this family include and inserted RNA binding domain pfam01424. This family of proteins is related to other exonucleases pfam00929 (Bateman A pers. obs.). The crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pop2 has been resolved at 2.3 Angstrom#resolution. Length = 235
bifunctional ATP-dependent DNA helicase/DNA polyme
80.55
>PF04857 CAF1: CAF1 family ribonuclease; InterPro: IPR006941 CAF1 is an RNase of the DEDD superfamily, and a subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex that mediates 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
The major pathways of mRNA turnover in eukaryotes initiate with shortening of the poly(A) tail. CAF1 P39008 from SWISSPROT encodes a critical component of the major cytoplasmic deadenylase in yeast. Caf1p is required for normal mRNA deadenylation in vivo and localises to the cytoplasm. Caf1p copurifies with a Ccr4p-dependent poly(A)-specific exonuclease activity. Some members of this family contain a single-stranded nucleic acid binding domain, R3H.; GO: 0005634 nucleus; PDB: 3D45_B 1UG8_A 2D5R_A 2A1S_C 2A1R_A 2FC6_A 1UOC_A 3G10_A 2P51_A 3G0Z_A.
All proteins in this family for which functions are known are components of the DNA polymerase III complex (epsilon subunit). There is, however, an outgroup that includes paralogs in some gamma-proteobacteria and the n-terminal region of DinG from some low GC gram positive bacteria. This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University).
>cd06133 ERI-1_3'hExo_like DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Caenorhabditis elegans ERI-1, human 3' exonuclease, and similar proteins
This subfamily is composed of Caenorhabditis elegans ERI-1, human 3' exonuclease (3'hExo), Drosophila exonuclease snipper (snp), and similar proteins from eukaryotes and bacteria. These are DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonucleases containing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. ERI-1 has been implicated in the degradation of small interfering RNAs (RNAi). 3'hExo participates in the degradation of histone mRNAs. Snp is a non-essential exonuclease that efficiently degrades structured RNA and DNA substrates as long as there is a minimum of 2 nucleotides in the 3' overhang to initiate degradation. Snp is not a functional ho
>PRK06310 DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon; Validated
>PF00929 RNase_T: Exonuclease; InterPro: IPR013520 This entry includes a variety of exonuclease proteins, such as ribonuclease T [] and the epsilon subunit of DNA polymerase III
Ribonuclease T is responsible for the end-turnover of tRNA,and removes the terminal AMP residue from uncharged tRNA. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria, and also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity.; PDB: 3CM6_A 3CM5_A 3CG7_A 1ZBU_B 1ZBH_A 1W0H_A 3NGY_C 2IS3_B 3NH1_C 3NH2_F ....
>PF01612 DNA_pol_A_exo1: 3'-5' exonuclease; InterPro: IPR002562 This domain is responsible for the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (polI) and other enzymes, it catalyses the hydrolysis of unpaired or mismatched nucleotides
This domain consists of the amino-terminal half of the Klenow fragment in E. coli polI it is also found in the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), focus forming activity 1 protein (FFA-1) and ribonuclease D (RNase D) [].; GO: 0003676 nucleic acid binding, 0008408 3'-5' exonuclease activity, 0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process, 0005622 intracellular; PDB: 2HBK_A 2HBJ_A 2HBM_A 2HBL_A 2FC0_A 2FBY_A 2FBX_A 2FBT_A 2FBV_A 1YT3_A ....
>PRK07942 DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon; Provisional
in gamma-subdivision Proteobacteria such as Escherichia coli and Xylella fastidiosa. Ribonuclease T is homologous to the DNA polymerase III alpha chain. It can liberate AMP from the common C-C-A terminus of uncharged tRNA. It appears also to be involved in RNA maturation. It also acts as a 3' to 5' single-strand DNA-specific exonuclease; it is distinctive for its ability to remove residues near a double-stranded stem. Ribonuclease T is a high copy suppressor in E. coli of a uv-repair defect caused by deletion of three other single-stranded DNA exonucleases.
>PRK06807 DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon; Validated
DEDDh exonucleases, part of the DnaQ-like (or DEDD) exonuclease superfamily, catalyze the excision of nucleoside monophosphates at the DNA or RNA termini in the 3'-5' direction. These proteins contain four invariant acidic residues in three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII. DEDDh exonucleases are classified as such because of the presence of specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at the ExoIII motif. The four conserved acidic residues are clustered around the active site and serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. Most DEDDh exonucleases are the proofreading subunits (epsilon) or domains of bacterial DNA polymerase III, the main replicating enzyme in bacteria, which functions as the chromosomal replicase. Other members include other DNA and RNA exonucleases such as RNase T, Oligoribonuclease, and RNA exonuclease (REX), among others.
>cd06130 DNA_pol_III_epsilon_like an uncharacterized bacterial subgroup of the DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain family with similarity to the epsilon subunit of DNA polymerase III
This subfamily is composed of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to the epsilon subunit of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), a multisubunit polymerase which is the main DNA replicating enzyme in bacteria, functioning as the chromosomal replicase. The Pol III holoenzyme is a complex of ten different subunits, three of which (alpha, epsilon, and theta) compose the catalytic core. The Pol III epsilon subunit, encoded by the dnaQ gene, is a DEDDh-type 3'-5' exonuclease which is responsible for the proofreading activity of the polymerase, increasing the fidelity of DNA synthesis. It contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that ser
>cd06134 RNaseT DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of RNase T
RNase T is a DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exoribonuclease E implicated in the 3' maturation of small stable RNAs and 23srRNA, and in the end turnover of tRNA. It contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. RNase T is related to the proofreading domain of DNA polymerase III. Despite its important role, RNase T is mainly found only in gammaproteobacteria. It is speculated that it might have originated from DNA polymerase III at the time the gamma division of proteobacteria diverged from other bacteria. RNase T is a homodimer with the catalytic residues of one monomer contacting a large basic patch on the other monomer to form a functional active site.
>cd06149 ISG20 DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Interferon Stimulated Gene product of 20 kDa, and similar proteins
Interferon (IFN) Stimulated Gene product of 20 kDa (ISG20) is an IFN-induced antiviral exonuclease with a strong preference for single-stranded RNA and minor activity towards single-stranded DNA. It was also independently identified by its response to estrogen and was called HEM45 (human estrogen regulated transcript). ISG20 is a DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease containing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. ISG20 may be a major effector of innate immunity against pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. It is located in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, sites for oncogenic DNA viral transcription and repli
>cd06131 DNA_pol_III_epsilon_Ecoli_like DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of the epsilon subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III and similar proteins
This subfamily is composed of the epsilon subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III (Pol III) and similar proteins. Pol III is the main DNA replicating enzyme in bacteria, functioning as the chromosomal replicase. It is a holoenzyme complex of ten different subunits, three of which (alpha, epsilon, and theta) compose the catalytic core. The Pol III epsilon subunit, encoded by the dnaQ gene, is a DEDDh-type 3'-5' exonuclease which is responsible for the proofreading activity of the polymerase, increasing the fidelity of DNA synthesis. It contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. The epsilon
This model describes ribonuclease D, a 3'-exonuclease shown to act on tRNA both in vitro and when overexpressed in vivo. Trusted members of this family are restricted to the Proteobacteria; Aquifex, Mycobacterial, and eukaryotic homologs are not full-length homologs. Ribonuclease D is not essential in E. coli and is deleterious when overexpressed. Its precise biological role is still unknown.
>cd06135 Orn DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of oligoribonuclease and similar proteins
Oligoribonuclease (Orn) is a DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exoribonuclease that is responsible for degrading small oligoribonucleotides to mononucleotides. It contains three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. Orn is essential for Escherichia coli survival. The human homolog, also called Sfn (small fragment nuclease), is able to hydrolyze short single-stranded RNA and DNA oligomers. It plays a role in cellular nucleotide recycling.
>PRK08517 DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon; Provisional
>cd06137 DEDDh_RNase DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of the eukaryotic exoribonucleases PAN2, RNA exonuclease (REX)-1,-3, and -4, ISG20, and similar proteins
This group is composed of eukaryotic exoribonucleases that include PAN2, RNA exonuclease 1 (REX1 or Rex1p), REX3 (Rex3p), REX4 (or Rex4p), ISG20, and similar proteins. They are DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonucleases containing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. PAN2 is the catalytic subunit of poly(A) nuclease (PAN), a Pab1p-dependent 3'-5' exoribonuclease which plays an important role in the posttranscriptional maturation of pre-mRNAs. REX proteins are required for the processing and maturation of many RNA species, and ISG20 is an interferon-induced antiviral exonuclease with a strong prefere
>cd06141 WRN_exo DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of WRN and similar proteins
WRN is a unique RecQ DNA helicase exhibiting an exonuclease activity. It contains a DEDDy-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain possessing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific YX(3)D pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis. Mutations in the WRN gene cause Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with premature aging and increased susceptibility to cancer and type II diabetes. WRN interacts with key proteins involved in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. It is believed to maintain genomic stability and life span by participating in DNA processes. WRN is stimulated by Ku70/80, an important regulator of genomic stability.
>cd06144 REX4_like DEDDh 3'-5' exonuclease domain of RNA exonuclease 4, XPMC2, Interferon Stimulated Gene product of 20 kDa, and similar proteins
This subfamily is composed of RNA exonuclease 4 (REX4 or Rex4p), XPMC2, Interferon (IFN) Stimulated Gene product of 20 kDa (ISG20), and similar proteins. REX4 is involved in pre-rRNA processing. It controls the ratio between the two forms of 5.8S rRNA in yeast. XPMC2 is a Xenopus gene which was identified through its ability to correct a mitotic defect in fission yeast. The human homolog of XPMC2 (hPMC2) may be involved in angiotensin II-induced adrenal cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. ISG20 is an IFN-induced antiviral exonuclease with a strong preference for single-stranded RNA and minor activity towards single-stranded DNA. These proteins are DEDDh-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonucleases containing three conserved sequence motifs termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific Hx(4)D conserved pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clus
This model represents a family of proteins in Gram-positive bacteria. The N-terminal region of about 200 amino acids resembles the epsilon subunit of E. coli DNA polymerase III and the homologous region of the Gram-positive type DNA polymerase III alpha subunit. The epsilon subunit contains an exonuclease domain. The remainder of this protein family resembles a predicted ATP-dependent helicase, the DNA damage-inducible protein DinG of E. coli.
>cd06146 mut-7_like_exo DEDDy 3'-5' exonuclease domain of Caenorhabditis elegans mut-7 and similar proteins
The mut-7 subfamily is composed of Caenorhabditis elegans mut-7 and similar proteins found in plants and metazoans. Mut-7 is implicated in posttranscriptional gene silencing. It contains a DEDDy-type DnaQ-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain possessing three conserved sequence motifs, termed ExoI, ExoII and ExoIII, with a specific YX(3)D pattern at ExoIII. These motifs are clustered around the active site and contain four conserved acidic residues that serve as ligands for the two metal ions required for catalysis.
