Required for normal accumulation and movement of lipid-modified hedgehog (hh) morphogen. May act by stabilizing the interaction between heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and hh, HSPGs being required for diffusion of hh morphogen. Not involved in wingless (wg) morphogen movement, suggesting that it may provide HSPG specificity for Hh. Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227)
Score = 119 (46.9 bits), Expect = 2.3e-06, P = 2.3e-06
Identities = 33/109 (30%), Positives = 57/109 (52%)
Query: 9 SEKMFLRRCTEMGYVNFTWKSGMKKYYYNFDRLQSFNENILEPPSVSIKTTGRIPRRPKV 68
S K R + Y++FTW + +Y + ++S + ++L P V I G +P +
Sbjct: 51 STKFHYRVMANIDYLSFTWNAVGIVHYEVY--VESDDSSVL--PIVRIPLKGTVPESLQD 106
Query: 69 FSIQLKCSGNRSGIASFTIGLLIESRKGKPLPGTPLRLKLRKE--CAER 115
F+++ +C+G+RSG F + L + G PL++KLR+E CA R
Sbjct: 107 FTVEYRCAGHRSG--QFAVSLYFTFKYGNK---EPLKVKLRQEKICASR 150
Score = 122 bits (308), Expect = 3e-37
Identities = 46/95 (48%), Positives = 64/95 (67%), Gaps = 3/95 (3%)
Query: 19 EMGYVNFTWKS-GMKKYYYNFDRLQSFNENILEPPSVSIKTTGRIPRRPKVFSIQLKCSG 77
E+ +NFTW+S G +KY Y+FD L S + IL+ P+++I +G +PR VFS+ L CSG
Sbjct: 40 EVNSLNFTWQSLGKRKYPYSFDVLVSSDPEILKAPTLNISHSGEVPREASVFSVDLPCSG 99
Query: 78 NRSGIASFTIGLLIESRKGKPLPGTPLRLKLRKEC 112
NRSG A FT+ L + + +GK GTPLR K +K C
Sbjct: 100 NRSGEAVFTVNLEVTNSRGK--NGTPLRFKRKKIC 132
The WIF domain is found in the RYK tyrosine kinase receptors and WIF, the Wnt-inhibitory- factor. The domain is extracellular and contains two conserved cysteines that may form a disulphide bridge. This domain is Wnt binding in WIF, and it has been suggested that RYK may also bind to Wnt. The WIF domain is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and it comprises nine beta-strands and two alpha-helices, with two of the beta-strands (6 and 9) interrupted by four and six residues of irregular secondary structure, respectively. Considering that the activity of Wnts depends on the presence of a palmitoylated cysteine residue in their amino-terminal polypeptide segment, Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors, it is likely that the WIF domain recognises and binds to Wnts that have been activated by palmitoylation and that the recognition of palmitoylated Wnts by WIF-1 is effected by its WIF domain rather than by its EGF domains. A strong binding affinity for palmitoylated cysteine residues would further explain the remarkably high affinity of human WIF-1 not only for mammalian Wnts, but also for Wnts from Xenopus and Drosophila. Length = 132
>gnl|CDD|128745 smart00469, WIF, Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 like domain
Score = 65.2 bits (159), Expect = 1e-14
Identities = 27/95 (28%), Positives = 50/95 (52%), Gaps = 2/95 (2%)
Query: 19 EMGYVNFTWKSGMKKYYYNFDRLQSFNENILEPPSVSIKTTGRIPRRPKVFSIQLKCSGN 78
+ ++FTW++ ++Y ++S ++ +L P V+I G +P +VF ++LKCSG
Sbjct: 43 NIHDLSFTWQALGQEYVPYSLNVRSDDKEVLPRPIVNISLLGTVPHTLQVFQVELKCSGK 102
Query: 79 RSGIASFTIGLLIESRKGKPLPGTPLRLKLRKECA 113
R A + +++E G TPL + +K C
Sbjct: 103 RD--AEVEVTVIVEVSLGSTKNPTPLNFRRKKICL 135
Occurs as extracellular domain in metazoan Ryk receptor tyrosine kinases. C. elegans Ryk is required for cell-cuticle recognition. WIF-1 binds to Wnt and inhibits its activity. Length = 136
>PF02019 WIF: WIF domain; InterPro: IPR003306 Wnt proteins constitute a large family of secreted molecules that are involved in intercellular signalling during development
The name derives from the first 2 members of the family to be discovered: int-1 (mouse) and wingless (Drosophila) []. It is now recognised that Wnt signalling controls many cell fate decisions in a variety of different organisms, including mammals []. Wnt signalling has been implicated in tumourigenesis, early mesodermal patterning of the embryo, morphogenesis of the brain and kidneys, regulation of mammary gland proliferation and Alzheimer's disease [, ]. Wnt-mediated signalling is believed to proceed initially through binding to cell surface receptors of the frizzled family; the signal is subsequently transduced through several cytoplasmic components to B-catenin, which enters the nucleus and activates the transcription of several genes important in development []. Several non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways have also been elucidated that act independently of B-catenin. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling branches are highly interconnected, and cross-regulate each other []. Members of the Wnt gene family are defined by their sequence similarity to mouse Wnt-1 and Wingless in Drosophila. They encode proteins of ~350-400 residues in length, with orthologues identified in several, mostly vertebrate, species. Very little is known about the structure of Wnts as they are notoriously insoluble, but they share the following features characteristics of secretory proteins: a signal peptide, several potential N-glycosylation sites and 22 conserved cysteines [] that are probably involved in disulphide bonds. The Wnt proteins seem to adhere to the plasma membrane of the secreting cells and are therefore likely to signal over only few cell diameters. Fifteen major Wnt gene families have been identified in vertebrates, with multiple subtypes within some classes. This entry represents the WIF domain, and is found in the RYK tyrosine kinase receptors and WIF the Wnt-inhibitory-factor. The domain is extracellular and contains two conserved cysteines that may form a disulphide bridge. This domain is Wnt binding in WIF, and it has been suggested that RYK may also bind to Wnt [].; GO: 0004713 protein tyrosine kinase activity; PDB: 2YGP_A 2YGO_A 2YGN_A 2D3J_A 2YGQ_A.
>smart00469 WIF Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 like domain
Occurs as extracellular domain in metazoan Ryk receptor tyrosine kinases. C. elegans Ryk is required for cell-cuticle recognition. WIF-1 binds to Wnt and inhibits its activity.
>pdb|2YGP|A Chain A, Wif Domain-Egf-Like Domain 1 Met77trp Of Human Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 In Complex With 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Length = 188
>pdb|2YGQ|A Chain A, Wif Domain-Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf)-Like Domains 1-3 Of Human Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 In Complex With 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Length = 324