Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity. Homo sapiens (taxid: 9606)
Score = 70.5 bits (171), Expect = 3e-12, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 34/64 (53%), Positives = 47/64 (73%), Gaps = 1/64 (1%)
Query: 48 GSDSGQLSEFIEGLGPGQVVGRQVLGLPSKGEVQLSLNNVKGCLVVEVIRAKNLQPKPDS 107
G DS Q S+F++GLGP Q+VGRQ L P+ G++Q+ + + KG L VEVIRA++L KP S
Sbjct: 1282 GPDS-QFSDFLDGLGPAQLVGRQTLATPAMGDIQIGMEDKKGQLEVEVIRARSLTQKPGS 1340
Query: 108 KTLP 111
K+ P
Sbjct: 1341 KSTP 1344
Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity.
Score = 70.5 bits (171), Expect = 3e-12, Method: Compositional matrix adjust.
Identities = 34/64 (53%), Positives = 47/64 (73%), Gaps = 1/64 (1%)
Query: 48 GSDSGQLSEFIEGLGPGQVVGRQVLGLPSKGEVQLSLNNVKGCLVVEVIRAKNLQPKPDS 107
G DS Q S+F++GLGP Q+VGRQ L P+ G++Q+ + + KG L VEVIRA++L KP S
Sbjct: 1434 GPDS-QFSDFLDGLGPAQLVGRQTLATPAMGDIQIGMEDKKGQLEVEVIRARSLTQKPGS 1492
Query: 108 KTLP 111
K+ P
Sbjct: 1493 KSTP 1496
Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity.
Score = 63.9 bits (154), Expect = 3e-10, Method: Composition-based stats.
Identities = 34/70 (48%), Positives = 43/70 (61%), Gaps = 3/70 (4%)
Query: 42 WTPTLKGSDSGQLSEFIEGLGPGQVVGRQVLGLPSKGEVQLSLNNVKGCLVVEVIRAKNL 101
W P L G L F++ LGPGQVVGRQVL P GE+Q++L + + VE+I+AKNL
Sbjct: 1386 WLPVLA---DGPLGTFVDNLGPGQVVGRQVLASPVLGEIQIALMAGRSGIDVEIIKAKNL 1442
Query: 102 QPKPDSKTLP 111
KP K P
Sbjct: 1443 VVKPGVKVCP 1452
Regulates the efficiency of a post-docking step of the release pathway. Acts after vesicle docking likely via regulating priming. May regulate the conformational changes in syntaxin. Binding of vesicles via rab-3[GTP] to Rim may signal the presence of a docked synaptic vesicle. Rim may then signal to unc-13 to change the conformation of syntaxin from the closed to the open state. Syntaxin could then engage synaptobrevin on the docked vesicle to form SNARE complexes and to prime the vesicle for release. Not required for the development or the structural organization of synapses.
Caenorhabditis elegans (taxid: 6239)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 85.1 bits (211), Expect = 2e-22
Identities = 33/51 (64%), Positives = 38/51 (74%)
Query: 61 LGPGQVVGRQVLGLPSKGEVQLSLNNVKGCLVVEVIRAKNLQPKPDSKTLP 111
LGPGQ+VGRQVL PS G++QL L + KG L VEVIRA+ L KP SK LP
Sbjct: 1 LGPGQLVGRQVLASPSMGDIQLGLYDKKGQLEVEVIRARGLVQKPGSKVLP 51
RIMs are believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma membrane called active zones. They also play a role in controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM contains an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ domain, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology and do not bind Ca2+. Length = 146
RIMs are believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma membrane called active zones. They also play a role in controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM contains an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ domain, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as
>cd04029 C2A_SLP-4_5 C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 4 and 5
All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. SHD of Slp (except for the Slp4-SHD) function as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slp, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that Slp4/granuphilin promotes dense-core vesicle exocytosis. The C2A domain of Slp4 is Ca2+ dependent. Slp5 mRNA has been shown to be restricted to human placenta and liver suggesting a role in Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking in specific tissues. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2
>cd08389 C2A_Synaptotagmin-14_16 C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmins 14 and 16
Synaptotagmin 14 and 16 are membrane-trafficking proteins in specific tissues outside the brain. Both of these contain C-terminal tandem C2 repeats, but only Synaptotagmin 14 has an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a putative fatty-acylation site. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium and this is indeed the case here. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicle
>cd04031 C2A_RIM1alpha C2 domain first repeat contained in Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM) proteins
RIMs are believed to organize specialized sites of the plasma membrane called active zones. They also play a role in controlling neurotransmitter release, plasticity processes, as well as memory and learning. RIM contains an N-terminal zinc finger domain, a PDZ domain, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A, C2B). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as
>cd08385 C2A_Synaptotagmin-1-5-6-9-10 C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmins 1, 5, 6, 9, and 10
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis as do synaptotagmins 5, 6, and 10. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmins 5, 6, and 10, members of class 3 synaptotagmins, are located primarily in the brain and localized to the active zone and plasma membrane. They is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having disulfide bonds at its N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 6 also regulates the acrosome reaction, a unique Ca2+-regulated exocytosis, in sperm. Synaptotagmin 9, a class 5 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and
>cd08393 C2A_SLP-1_2 C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1 and 2
All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin which are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety
>cd08392 C2A_SLP-3 C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like protein 3
All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. SHD of Slp (except for the Slp4-SHD) function as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slp, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. Little is known about the expression or localization of Slp3. The C2A domain of Slp3 is Ca2+ dependent. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 promotes dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids
>cd08388 C2A_Synaptotagmin-4-11 C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmins 4 and 11
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmins 4 and 11, class 4 synaptotagmins, are located in the brain. Their functions are unknown. They are distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having and Asp to Ser substitution in their C2A domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence
>cd04030 C2C_KIAA1228 C2 domain third repeat present in uncharacterized human KIAA1228-like proteins
KIAA proteins are uncharacterized human proteins. They were compiled by the Kazusa mammalian cDNA project which identified more than 2000 human genes. They are identified by 4 digit codes that precede the KIAA designation. Many KIAA genes are still functionally uncharacterized including KIAA1228. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1
>cd08408 C2B_Synaptotagmin-14_16 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmins 14 and 16
Synaptotagmin 14 and 16 are membrane-trafficking proteins in specific tissues outside the brain. Both of these contain C-terminal tandem C2 repeats, but only Synaptotagmin 14 has an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a putative fatty-acylation site. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium and this is indeed the case here. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicle
>cd08387 C2A_Synaptotagmin-8 C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 8
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involv
>cd08406 C2B_Synaptotagmin-12 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 12
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 12, a member of class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and 13, do not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycl
>cd04035 C2A_Rabphilin_Doc2 C2 domain first repeat present in Rabphilin and Double C2 domain
Rabphilin is found neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is found not only in the brain but in tissues, including mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts. Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2 domains, although their N-terminal structures are completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain
>cd08409 C2B_Synaptotagmin-15 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 15
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. It is thought to be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues and is Ca2+ independent. Human synaptotagmin 15 has 2 alternatively spliced forms that encode proteins with different C-termini. The larger, SYT15a, contains a N-terminal TM region, a putative fatty-acylation site, and 2 tandem C terminal C2 domains. The smaller, SYT15b, lacks the C-terminal portion of the second C2 domain. Unlike most other synaptotagmins it is nearly absent in the brain and rather is found in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscle, and testis. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 id
>cd08402 C2B_Synaptotagmin-1 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 1
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of the class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis. It, like synaptotagmin-2, has an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are:
>cd08386 C2A_Synaptotagmin-7 C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic ves
>cd08407 C2B_Synaptotagmin-13 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 13
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 13, a member of class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and 12, does not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recy
>cd04009 C2B_Munc13-like C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins
C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, s
>cd08405 C2B_Synaptotagmin-7 C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7
Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic ves
>2dmg_A KIAA1228 protein; beta-sandwich, structural genomics, NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and functional analyses; NMR {Homo sapiens}
>2enp_A B/K protein; C2 type 1,beta sandwich, structural genomics, NPPSFA, national project on protein structural and functional analyses; NMR {Homo sapiens}
