Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion and chloride ion dependent. Drosophila melanogaster (taxid: 7227)
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent.
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion and chloride ion dependent.
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion and chloride ion dependent.
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion and chloride ion dependent.
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion and chloride ion dependent.
Rattus norvegicus (taxid: 10116)
Close Homologs in the Non-Redundant Database Detected by BLAST
Score = 66.8 bits (164), Expect = 9e-15
Identities = 25/46 (54%), Positives = 31/46 (67%)
Query: 31 QNVYFQRVLSSKSATQAQMLSYVAAFGCLIMAVPPVIIGAIAKSTD 76
Q FQRVLS+KS AQ LS +A FG L+ A+PP++IG A S D
Sbjct: 238 QQDVFQRVLSAKSEKTAQRLSLLAGFGYLLFAIPPLLIGLAAASID 283
Na+/choline co-transport by CHT is Cl- dependent. Human CHT (also called CHT1) is encoded by the SLC5A7 gene, and is expressed in the central nervous system. hCHT1-mediated choline uptake may be the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis, and essential for cholinergic transmission. Changes in this choline uptake in cortical neurons may contribute to Alzheimer's dementia. This subfamily belongs to the solute carrier 5 (SLC5) transporter family. Length = 464
>gnl|CDD|212044 cd11474, SLC5sbd_CHT, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent choline cotransporter CHT and related proteins; solute-binding domain
Na+/choline co-transport by CHT is Cl- dependent. Human CHT (also called CHT1) is encoded by the SLC5A7 gene, and is expressed in the central nervous system. hCHT1-mediated choline uptake may be the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis, and essential for cholinergic transmission. Changes in this choline uptake in cortical neurons may contribute to Alzheimer's dementia. This subfamily belongs to the solute carrier 5 (SLC5) transporter family. Length = 464
>gnl|CDD|212045 cd11475, SLC5sbd_PutP, Na(+)/proline cotransporter PutP and related proteins; solute binding domain
Escherichia coli PutP catalyzes the Na+-coupled uptake of proline with a stoichiometry of 1:1. The putP gene is part of the put operon; this operon in addition encodes a proline dehydrogenase, allowing the use of proline as a source of nitrogen and/or carbon. This subfamily also includes the Bacillus subtilis Na+/proline cotransporter (OpuE) which has an osmoprotective instead of catabolic role. Expression of the opuE gene is under osmotic control and different sigma factors contribute to its regulation; it is also a putative CcpA-activated gene. This subfamily belongs to the solute carrier 5 (SLC5) transporter family. Length = 464
>gnl|CDD|223664 COG0591, PutP, Na+/proline symporter [Amino acid transport and metabolism / General function prediction only]
This family represents the solute-binding domain of SLC5 proteins (also called the sodium/glucose cotransporter family or solute sodium symporter family) that co-transport Na+ with sugars, amino acids, inorganic ions or vitamins. Family members include: the human glucose (SGLT1, 2, 4, 5), chiro-inositol (SGLT5), myo-inositol (SMIT), choline (CHT), iodide (NIS), multivitamin (SMVT), and monocarboxylate (SMCT) cotransporters, as well as Vibrio parahaemolyticus glucose/galactose (vSGLT), and Escherichia coli proline (PutP) and pantothenate (PutF) cotransporters. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Na(+)/galactose cotransporter (vSGLT) has 13 transmembrane helices (TMs): TM-1, an inverted topology repeat: TMs1-5 and TMs6-10, and TMs 11-12 (TMs numbered to conform to the solute carrier 6 family Aquifex aeolicus LeuT). One member of this family, human SGLT3, has been characterized as a glucose sensor and not a transporter. Members of this family are important in human physiology and disease. Length = 455
>gnl|CDD|212032 cd10322, SLC5sbd, Solute carrier 5 family, sodium/glucose transporters and related proteins; solute-binding domain
This family represents the solute-binding domain of SLC5 proteins (also called the sodium/glucose cotransporter family or solute sodium symporter family) that co-transport Na+ with sugars, amino acids, inorganic ions or vitamins. Family members include: the human glucose (SGLT1, 2, 4, 5), chiro-inositol (SGLT5), myo-inositol (SMIT), choline (CHT), iodide (NIS), multivitamin (SMVT), and monocarboxylate (SMCT) cotransporters, as well as Vibrio parahaemolyticus glucose/galactose (vSGLT), and Escherichia coli proline (PutP) and pantothenate (PutF) cotransporters. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Na(+)/galactose cotransporter (vSGLT) has 13 transmembrane helices (TMs): TM-1, an inverted topology repeat: TMs1-5 and TMs6-10, and TMs 11-12 (TMs numbered to conform to the solute carrier 6 family Aquifex aeolicus LeuT). One member of this family, human SGLT3, has been characterized as a glucose sensor and not a transporter. Members of this family are important in human physiology and disease. Length = 455
>gnl|CDD|233138 TIGR00813, sss, transporter, SSS family
Score = 34.6 bits (80), Expect = 0.002
Identities = 17/68 (25%), Positives = 31/68 (45%), Gaps = 3/68 (4%)
Query: 1 MSAAVMSSADSSVLSASSMFARNVYKLIFRQNVYFQRVLSSKSATQAQMLSYVAAFGCLI 60
+ AAVMS+ S + SAS++F ++YK I R N ++ + + + A +
Sbjct: 303 ILAAVMSTLSSQLNSASTVFTMDLYKKIIRPNASGEKKIVMRGRI---AVLVAAVIAGFV 359
Query: 61 MAVPPVII 68
A +
Sbjct: 360 AAAQGGQV 367
The Solute:Sodium Symporter (SSS) Family (TC 2.A.21) Members of the SSS family catalyze solute:Na+ symport. The solutes transported may be sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, inositols, vitamins, urea or anions, depending on the system. Members of the SSS family have been identified in bacteria, archaea and animals, and all functionally well characterized members catalyze solute uptake via Na+ symport. Proteins of the SSS generally share a core of 13 TMSs, but different members of the family may have different numbers of TMSs. A 13 TMS topology with a periplasmic N-terminus and a cytoplasmic C-terminus has been experimentally determined for the proline:Na+ symporter, PutP, of E. coli [Transport and binding proteins, Cations and iron carrying compounds]. Length = 407
have different numbers of TMSs. A 13 TMS topology with a periplasmic N-terminus and a cytoplasmic C-terminus has been experimentally determined for the proline:Na+ symporter, PutP, of E. coli.
Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a precursor of coenzyme A and is made from aspartate and 2-oxoisovalerate in most bacteria with completed genome sequences. However, some pathogens must import pantothenate. This model describes PanF, a sodium/pantothenate symporter, from a larger family of Sodium/substrate symporters (pfam00474). Several species that have this transporter appear to lack all enzymes of pantothenate biosynthesis, namely Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Borrelia burgdorferi.
>PF00474 SSF: Sodium:solute symporter family; InterPro: IPR001734 Sodium/substrate symport (or co-transport) is a widespread mechanism of solute transport across cytoplasmic membranes of pro- and eukaryotic cells
Thereby the energy stored in an inwardly directed electrochemical sodium gradient (sodium motive force, SMF) is used to drive solute accumulation against a concentration gradient. The SMF is generated by primary sodium pumps (e.g. sodium/potassium ATPases, sodium translocating respiratory chain complexes) or via the action of sodium/proton antiporters. Sodium/substrate transporters are grouped in different families based on sequence similarities [, ]. One of these families, known as the sodium:solute symporter family (SSSF), contains over a hundred members of pro- and eukaryotic origin []. The average hydropathy plot for SSSF proteins predicts 11 to 15 putative transmembrane domains (TMs) in alpha-helical conformation. A secondary structure model of PutP from Escherichia coli suggests the protein contains 13 TMs with the N terminus located on the periplasmic side of the membrane and the C terminus facing the cytoplasm. The results support the idea of a common topological motif for members of the SSSF. Transporters with a C-terminal extension are proposed to have an additional 14th TM. An ordered binding model of sodium/substrate transport suggests that sodium binds to the empty transporter first, thereby inducing a conformational alteration which increases the affinity of the transporter for the solute. The formation of the ternary complex induces another structural change that exposes sodium and substrate to the other site of the membrane. Substrate and sodium are released and the empty transporter re-orientates in the membrane allowing the cycle to start again.; GO: 0005215 transporter activity, 0006810 transport, 0055085 transmembrane transport, 0016020 membrane; PDB: 3DH4_D 2XQ2_A.
This family consists of the sodium/proline symporter (proline permease) from a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and from the archaeal genus Methanosarcina. Using the related pantothenate permease as an outgroup, candidate sequences from Bifidobacterium longum and several from archaea are found to be outside the clade defined by known proline permeases. These sequences, scoring between 570 and -40, define the range between trusted and noise cutoff scores.
Members of this family belong to the Sodium:solute symporter family. Both members of this family and other close homologs tend to be encoded next to a member of Pfam family pfam04341, a set of uncharacterized membrane proteins. The characterized member from E. coli is encoded near and cotranscribed with the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (acs) gene. Proximity to an acs gene was used as one criterion for determining the trusted cutoff for this model. Closely related proteins may differ in function and are excluded by the high cutoffs of this model; members of the family of phenylacetic acid transporter PhaJ can score as high as 1011 bits.
This family belongs to a larger family of transporters of the sodium:solute symporter superfamily, TC 2.A.21. Members of this strictly bacterial protein subfamily are found almost invariably immediately downstream from a member of family TIGR03647. Occasionally, the two genes are fused.
Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a precursor of coenzyme A and is made from aspartate and 2-oxoisovalerate in most bacteria with completed genome sequences. However, some pathogens must import pantothenate. This model describes PanF, a sodium/pantothenate symporter, from a larger family of Sodium/substrate symporters (pfam00474). Several species that have this transporter appear to lack all enzymes of pantothenate biosynthesis, namely Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Borrelia burgdorferi.
This family consists of the sodium/proline symporter (proline permease) from a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and from the archaeal genus Methanosarcina. Using the related pantothenate permease as an outgroup, candidate sequences from Bifidobacterium longum and several from archaea are found to be outside the clade defined by known proline permeases. These sequences, scoring between 570 and -40, define the range between trusted and noise cutoff scores.
>COG0591 PutP Na+/proline symporter [Amino acid transport and metabolism / General function prediction only]
This family belongs to a larger family of transporters of the sodium:solute symporter superfamily, TC 2.A.21. Members of this strictly bacterial protein subfamily are found almost invariably immediately downstream from a member of family TIGR03647. Occasionally, the two genes are fused.
have different numbers of TMSs. A 13 TMS topology with a periplasmic N-terminus and a cytoplasmic C-terminus has been experimentally determined for the proline:Na+ symporter, PutP, of E. coli.
>PF00474 SSF: Sodium:solute symporter family; InterPro: IPR001734 Sodium/substrate symport (or co-transport) is a widespread mechanism of solute transport across cytoplasmic membranes of pro- and eukaryotic cells
Thereby the energy stored in an inwardly directed electrochemical sodium gradient (sodium motive force, SMF) is used to drive solute accumulation against a concentration gradient. The SMF is generated by primary sodium pumps (e.g. sodium/potassium ATPases, sodium translocating respiratory chain complexes) or via the action of sodium/proton antiporters. Sodium/substrate transporters are grouped in different families based on sequence similarities [, ]. One of these families, known as the sodium:solute symporter family (SSSF), contains over a hundred members of pro- and eukaryotic origin []. The average hydropathy plot for SSSF proteins predicts 11 to 15 putative transmembrane domains (TMs) in alpha-helical conformation. A secondary structure model of PutP from Escherichia coli suggests the protein contains 13 TMs with the N terminus located on the periplasmic side of the membrane and the C terminus facing the cytoplasm. The results support the idea of a common topological motif for members of the SSSF. Transporters with a C-terminal extension are proposed to have an additional 14th TM. An ordered binding model of sodium/substrate transport suggests that sodium binds to the empty transporter first, thereby inducing a conformational alteration which increases the affinity of the transporter for the solute. The formation of the ternary complex induces another structural change that exposes sodium and substrate to the other site of the membrane. Substrate and sodium are released and the empty transporter re-orientates in the membrane allowing the cycle to start again.; GO: 0005215 transporter activity, 0006810 transport, 0055085 transmembrane transport, 0016020 membrane; PDB: 3DH4_D 2XQ2_A.
Members of this family belong to the Sodium:solute symporter family. Both members of this family and other close homologs tend to be encoded next to a member of Pfam family pfam04341, a set of uncharacterized membrane proteins. The characterized member from E. coli is encoded near and cotranscribed with the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (acs) gene. Proximity to an acs gene was used as one criterion for determining the trusted cutoff for this model. Closely related proteins may differ in function and are excluded by the high cutoffs of this model; members of the family of phenylacetic acid transporter PhaJ can score as high as 1011 bits.
